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Classification of fish families

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Introduction to the series Annotated Checklists of Fishes

1 Class Myxini

1. Order Myxiniformes

1. Myxinidae (hagfishes)

1 Myxininae

2 Eptatretinae

3 Class Cephalaspidomorphi

5. Order Petromyzontiformes

2. Petromyzontidae (lampreys)

1 Petromyzontinae

2 Geotriinae

3 Mordaciinae

5 Class Elasmobranchii

6. Order Hexanchiformes

7. Hexanchidae (cow sharks)

7.6 Chlamydoselachidae (frill sharks)

7. Order Heterodontiformes

8. Heterodontidae (bullhead and horn sharks)

8. Order Orectolobiformes

9. Rhincodontidae (whale sharks)

10.1 Parascylliidae (collared carpet sharks)

10.2 Brachaeluridae (blind sharks)

10.3 Orectolobidae (wobbegons)

10.4 Hemiscylliidae (bamboo sharks)

10.5 Stegostomatidae (zebra sharks)

10.6 Ginglymostomatidae (nurse sharks)

8.5 Order Lamniformes

11. Odontaspididae (sand tiger sharks)

11.2 Mitsukurinidae (goblin sharks)

11.3 Pseudocarchariidae (crocodile sharks)

12. Lamnidae (mackerel sharks)

12.1 Megachasmidae (megamouth sharks)

12.2 Cetorhinidae (basking sharks)

12.3 Alopiidae (thresher sharks)

8.7 Order Carcharhiniformes

13.2 Scyliorhinidae (cat sharks)

13.3 Proscylliidae (finback catsharks)

13.4 Pseudotriakidae (false catsharks)

14.1 Leptochariidae (barbeled houndsharks)

14.2 Triakidae (houndsharks)

1 Triakinae

2 Galeorhininae

14.4 Hemigaleidae (weasel sharks)

14.5 Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)

14.6 Sphyrnidae (hammerhead sharks)

9. Order Squaliformes

15. Dalatiidae

1 Etmopterinae

2 Somniosinae (sleeper sharks)

3 Oxynotinae

4 Dalatiinae

15.1 Centrophoridae

16. Squalidae (dogfish sharks)

16.1 Echinorhinidae (bramble sharks)

9.5 Order Pristiophoriformes

17. Pristiophoridae (saw sharks)

9.7 Order Squatiniformes

18. Squatinidae (angel sharks)

9.8 Order Pristiformes

19. Pristidae (sawfishes)

10. Order Torpediniformes

20. Torpedinidae (electric rays)

1 Torpedininae

2 Hypninae

20.2 Narcinidae

1 Narcininae

2 Narkinae

10.5 Order Rajiformes (skates and rays)

21. Rhinobatidae (guitarfishes)

1 Rhinobatinae

2 Rhynchobatinae

3 Rhininae

4 Platyrhininae (thornbacks)

22. Rajidae (skates)

22.1 Anacanthobatidae (smooth skates)

22.2 Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingrays)

22.3 Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingrays)

23.1 Dasyatidae (stingrays)

23.2 Gymnuridae (butterfly rays)

23.3 Myliobatidae

1 Myliobatinae (eagle rays)

2 Rhinopterinae (cownose rays)

3 Mobulinae (manta and devil rays)

23.4 Urolophidae (round stingrays)

23.5 Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays)

6 Class Holocephali

1. Order Chimaeriformes

3. Callorhinchidae (plownose chimaeras)

4. Chimaeridae (shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes)

5. Rhinochimaeridae (longnose chimaeras)

8 Class Actinopterygii

7. Order Polypteriformes

32. Polypteridae (bichirs)

7.5 Order Acipenseriformes

33. Acipenseridae (sturgeons)

34. Polyodontidae (paddlefishes)

18. Order Lepisosteiformes

35. Lepisosteidae (gars)

22. Order Amiiformes

36. Amiidae (bowfins)

29. Order Osteoglossiformes

37. Osteoglossidae (bonytongues)

37.5 Arapaimidae (arapaimas)

38. Pantodontidae

39. Hiodontidae (mooneyes)

40. Notopteridae (knifefishes or featherbacks)

41. Mormyridae (elephantfishes)

42. Gymnarchidae

30. Order Elopiformes

43. Elopidae (tenpounders and ladyfishes)

44. Megalopidae (tarpons)

30.5 Order Albuliformes

45. Albulidae (bonefishes)

1 Albulinae

2 Pterothrissinae

31. Order Notacanthiformes

46. Halosauridae (halosaurs)

47. Notacanthidae (spiny eels)

32. Order Anguilliformes

49. Anguillidae (freshwater eels)

50. Heterenchelyidae

51. Moringuidae (spaghetti eels)

52. Chlopsidae (false morays)

53. Myrocongridae

54. Muraenidae (morays)

1 Uropterygiinae

2 Muraeninae

57. Synaphobranchidae

1 Ilyophinae (arrowtooth eels)

2 Synaphobranchinae (cutthroat eels)

3 Simenchelyinae (pugnose eels)

58. Ophichthidae (snake eels and worm eels)

1 Myrophinae

2 Ophichthinae

60. Colocongridae

62. Congridae (conger eels)

1 Congrinae

2 Bathymyrinae

3 Heterocongrinae (garden eels)

62.5 Muraenesocidae (pike conger eels)

63. Derichthyidae (longneck eels)

63.5 Nemichthyidae (snipe eels)

64. Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels)

64.5 Nettastomatidae (duckbill eels)

33. Order Saccopharyngiformes

64.7 Cyematidae (bobtail eels)

65. Saccopharyngidae (swallowers or whiptail gulpers)

66. Eurypharyngidae (umbrellamouth gulpers)

67. Monognathidae (monognathids)

34. Order Clupeiformes

68. Denticipitidae (denticle herrings)

69. Clupeidae (herrings, shads, sardines and allies)

70. Engraulidae (anchovies)

71. Chirocentridae (wolf herrings)

71.5 Sundasalangidae (Sundaland noodlefishes)

35. Order Gonorynchiformes

72. Chanidae (milkfishes)

73. Gonorynchidae

74. Kneriidae

75. Phractolaemidae

36. Order Cypriniformes

76. Cyprinidae (minnows and carps)

77. Psilorhynchidae

77.5 Cobitidae (loaches)

1 Botiinae

2 Cobitinae

78. Balitoridae (hillstream and river loaches)

1 Nemacheilinae

2 Balitorinae (flat loaches)

80. Gyrinocheilidae (algae eaters)

81. Catostomidae (suckers)

37. Order Characiformes

82. Citharinidae

1 Distichodontinae

2 Citharininae

82.5 Alestiidae (African tetras)

82.7 Hepsetidae

83. Hemiodontidae

1 Parodontinae

2 Hemiodontinae

85. Curimatidae

1 Curimatinae (curimatas)

2 Prochilodontinae

85.1 Anostomidae

1 Anostominae

2 Chilodontinae

86. Erythrinidae (trahiras)

87. Lebiasinidae

1 Lebiasininae

2 Pyrrhulininae

88. Gasteropelecidae (freshwater hatchetfishes)

89. Ctenoluciidae (pike-characids)

90. Acestrorhynchidae

90.5 Cynodontidae

1 Cynodontinae

2 Roestinae

91. Characidae (characins)

1 Glandulocaudinae

4 Serrasalminae (piranhas and allies)

5 Characidiinae

6 Stethaprioninae

38. Order Siluriformes

92. Diplomystidae (diplomystid catfishes)

93. Ictaluridae (North American freshwater catfishes)

94. Bagridae (bagrid catfishes)

95. Cranoglanididae (armorhead catfishes)

96. Siluridae (sheatfishes)

97. Schilbeidae (schilbeid catfishes)

98. Pangasiidae (pangasid catfishes)

99. Amblycipitidae (torrent catfishes)

100. Amphiliidae (loach catfishes)

101. Akysidae (stream catfishes)

101.1 Parakysidae (parakysid catfishes)

102. Sisoridae (sisorid catfishes)

102.1 Erethistidae

103. Clariidae (airbreathing or labyrinth catfishes)

104. Heteropneustidae (airsac catfishes)

105. Chacidae (squarehead or angler catfishes)

106. Olyridae (olyrid catfishes)

107. Malapteruridae (electric catfishes)

108. Ariidae (sea catfishes)

109. Plotosidae (eeltail catfishes)

110. Mochokidae (squeakers and unside-down catfishes)

111. Doradidae (thorny catfishes)

112. Auchenipteridae (auchenipterid catfishes)

113. Pimelodidae (long-whiskered catfishes)

114. Ageneiosidae (bottlenose or barbelless catfishes)

115. Helogeneidae (helogeneid catfishes)

116. Cetopsidae (whalelike catfishes)

117. Hypophthalmidae (loweye catfishes)

118. Aspredinidae (banjo catfishes)

1 Bunocephalinae

2 Aspredininae

3 Hoplomyzontinae

119. Trichomycteridae (parasitic catfishes and candirus)

120. Callichthyidae (callichthyid armored catfishes)

121. Loricariidae (suckermouth armored catfishes)

121.5 Scoloplacidae (spiny dwarf catfishes)

122. Astroblepidae (climbing catfishes)

39. Order Gymnotiformes (knifefishes)

123.1 Sternopygidae (glass knifefishes)

123.2 Apteronotidae (ghost knifefishes)

123.3 Rhamphichthyidae (sand knifefishes)

123.4 Hypopomidae

123.5 Gymnotidae (nakedback knifefishes)

123.6 Electrophoridae (electric knifefishes)

39.1 Order Esociformes

129. Esocidae (pikes)

130. Umbridae (mudminnows)

40. Order Osmeriformes

131. Argentinidae (argentines)

131.5 Microstomatidae

132. Bathylagidae (deepsea smelts)

133. Opisthoproctidae (spookfishes or barreleyes)

134. Alepocephalidae (slickheads)

135. Platytroctidae (tubeshoulders)

135.5 Leptochilichthyidae (leptochilichthyids)

136. Lepidogalaxiidae (salamanderfishes)

137. Osmeridae (smelts)

138. Plecoglossidae (ayu fishes)

139. Salangidae (icefishes or noodlefishes)

141. Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts)

1 Retropinninae (southern smelts)

2 Prototroctinae (southern graylings)

142. Galaxiidae (galaxiids)

1 Aplochitoninae

2 Galaxiinae

40.1 Order Salmoniformes

143. Salmonidae (salmonids)

1 Coregoninae (whitefishes)

2 Thymallinae (graylings)

3 Salmoninae (salmons, trouts, chars and allies)

41. Order Stomiiformes

144. Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths)

145. Sternoptychidae

1 Maurolicinae

2 Sternoptychinae (marine hatchetfishes)

146. Phosichthyidae (lightfishes)

147. Stomiidae

1 Chauliodontinae (viperfishes)

2 Stomiinae (saly dragonfishes)

3 Astronesthinae (snaggletooths)

4 Melanostomiinae (scaleless black dragonfishes)

5 Malacosteinae (loosejaws)

6 Idiacanthinae (black dragonfishes)

41.5 Order Ateleopodiformes

152.5 Ateleopodidae (jellynose fishes)

42. Order Aulopiformes

153. Aulopidae (aulopus)

154. Chlorophthalmidae (greeneyes)

154.1 Paraulopidae

154.2 Bathysauropsidae

154.5 Ipnopidae

154.6 Bathysauroididae

155. Scopelarchidae (pearleyes)

156. Notosudidae (paperbones or waryfishes)

156.5 Giganturidae (telescopefishes)

157. Synodontidae

1 Synodontinae (lizardfishes)

2 Harpadontinae (Bombay ducks)

3 Bathysaurinae

159. Paralepididae (barracudinas)

159.2 Anotopteridae (daggertooths)

161. Evermannellidae (sabertooth fishes)

162. Omosudidae (omosudids)

163. Alepisauridae (lancetfishes)

164. Pseudotrichonotidae

43. Order Myctophiformes

165. Neoscopelidae (blackchins)

166. Myctophidae (lanternfishes)

43.5 Order Lampriformes

218. Lampridae (opahs)

219. Veliferidae (velifers)

220. Lophotidae (crestfishes)

221. Radiicephalidae (tapertails)

222. Trachipteridae (ribbonfishes)

223. Regalecidae (oarfishes)

224. Stylephoridae (tube-eyes or thread-tails)

43.7 Order Polymixiiformes

236. Polymixiidae (beardfishes)

45. Order Percopsiformes

167. Percopsidae (trout perches and sand rollers)

168. Aphredoderidae (pirate perches)

169. Amblyopsidae (cavefishes)

46. Order Gadiformes

170. Muraenolepididae (eel cods)

170.5 Bregmacerotidae (codlets)

170.7 Euclichthyidae (eucla cods)

170.8 Macrouridae (grenadiers or rattails)

1 Bathygadinae

2 Macrouroidinae (southern hakes)

3 Trachyrincinae

4 Macrourinae

171. Moridae (deepsea cods)

172. Melanonidae (pelagic cods)

174. Gadidae (cods and haddocks)

174.2 Lotidae (hakes and burbots)

174.3 Phycidae (phycid hakes)

175. Merlucciidae (merluccid hakes)

3 Merlucciinae

4 Steindachneriinae

47. Order Ophidiiformes

177. Ophidiidae (cuskeels)

1 Brotulinae

2 Brotulotaeniinae

3 Ophidiinae

4 Neobythitinae

178. Carapidae

1 Carapinae (pearlfishes)

2 Pyramodontinae (pyramodontines)

179. Bythitidae (livebearing brotulas)

1 Bythitinae

2 Brosmophycinae

180. Aphyonidae (aphyonids)

180.1 Parabrotulidae (false brotulas)

48. Order Batrachoidiformes

181. Batrachoididae (toadfishes)

49. Order Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)

182. Lophiidae (goosefishes or monkfishes)

183. Antennariidae (frogfishes)

183.2 Tetrabrachiidae

183.3 Lophichthyinae

184. Brachionichthyidae (warty anglerfishes)

185. Chaunacidae (sea toads)

186. Ogcocephalidae (batfishes)

187. Caulophrynidae

187.2 Neoceratiidae

187.3 Melanocetidae

187.4 Himantolophidae (footballfishes)

187.5 Diceratiidae

192. Oneirodidae

193. Thaumatichthyidae

194. Centrophrynidae

194.1 Ceratiidae (seadevils)

194.2 Gigantactinidae (whipnoses)

194.3 Linophrynidae

50. Order Gobiesociformes

198. Gobiesocidae (clingfishes)

1 Gobiesocinae

2 Cheilobranchinae

51.5 Order Atheriniformes

213.1 Bedotiidae

213.2 Melanotaeniidae (rainbowfishes)

213.3 Pseudomugilidae (blue eyes)

213.4 Atherinidae (silversides)

1 Atherinopsinae

2 Menidiinae

4 Atherioninae

5 Atherininae

213.5 Notocheiridae

214. Telmatherinidae

215. Dentatherinidae

216. Phallostethidae

52. Order Cyprinodontiformes

207. Aplocheilidae (Old World rivulines)

208. Rivulidae (New World rivulines)

208.1 Profundulidae

208.2 Fundulidae

208.3 Valenciidae

209. Goodeidae (goodeids)

1 Empetrichthyinae

2 Goodeinae

210. Poeciliidae (poeciliids)

1 Poeciliinae (livebearers)

2 Fluviphylacinae

3 Aplocheilichthyinae

210.5 Cyprinodontidae (killifishes)

1 Cubanichthyinae

2 Cyprinodontinae

211. Anablepidae

1 Anablepinae (four-eyed fishes)

2 Jenynsiinae (jenynsiids)

3 Oxyzygonectinae

52.5 Order Beloniformes

201. Scomberesocidae (sauries)

202. Belonidae (needlefishes)

203. Hemiramphidae (halfbeaks)

1 Hemiramphinae

2 Zenarchopterinae

204. Exocoetidae (flyingfishes)

205. Adrianichthyidae

1 Oryziinae (medakas or ricefishes)

2 Adrianichthyinae (adrianichthyids)

3 Horaichthyinae

53.5 Order Stephanoberyciformes

237. Stephanoberycidae (pricklefishes)

237.1 Hispidoberycidae (hispidoberycids)

238. Melamphaidae (bigscales)

239. Gibberichthyidae (gibberfishes)

54. Order Beryciformes

229. Monocentridae (pinecone fishes)

230. Trachichthyidae (slimeheads)

231. Anomalopidae (lanterneye fishes)

232. Diretmidae (spinyfins)

233. Anoplogastridae (fangtooths)

234. Berycidae (berycids or alfonsinos)

235. Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes)

1 Holocentrinae (squirrelfishes)

2 Myripristinae (soldierfishes)

54.5 Order Cetomimiformes

226. Mirapinnidae (hairyfishes and ribbontails)

228. Megalomycteridae (largenose fishes)

240. Rondeletiidae (redmouth whalefishes)

241. Barbourisiidae (velvet whalefishes)

242. Cetomimidae (whalefishes)

55. Order Zeiformes

243.1 Cyttidae

243.2 Oreosomatidae

1 Pseudocyttinae

2 Oreosomatinae

243.3 Parazenidae

1 Parazeninae

2 Cyttopsinae

243.4 Zenionidae

243.5 Grammicolepididae

1 Macrurocyttinae

2 Grammicolepidinae

245. Zeidae

55.5 Order Incertae sedis

248.5 Elassomatidae (pygmy sunfishes)

56. Order Gasterosteiformes

249. Hypoptychidae (sand-eels)

251. Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks)

251.1 Aulorhynchidae (tubesnouts)

252. Indostomidae

253. Pegasidae (seamoths)

59. Order Syngnathiformes

254. Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes)

255. Fistulariidae (cornetfishes)

256. Centriscidae

1 Macroramphosinae (snipefishes)

2 Centriscinae (shrimpfishes)

258. Solenostomidae (ghost pipefishes)

259. Syngnathidae

1 Syngnathinae (pipefishes)

2 Hippocampinae (seahorses)

61. Order Synbranchiformes

261. Synbranchidae (swamp-eels)

430. Mastacembelidae (spiny-eels)

431. Chaudhuriidae

62. Order Scorpaeniformes

1. Suborder Scorpaenoidei

262.1 Sebastidae

1 Sebastinae (rockfishes and rockcods)

2 Sebastolobinae (thornyheads)

262.2 Setarchidae

262.3 Neosebastidae

262.4 Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes and allies)

2 Scorpaeninae (scorpionfishes)

5 Pteroinae (turkeyfishes and lionfishes)

262.5 Apistidae

262.6 Tetrarogidae (waspfishes)

262.7 Synanceiidae

10 Minoinae

11 Choridactylinae

12 Synanceiinae (stonefishes and allies)

264. Caracanthidae (coral crouchers)

265. Aploactinidae (velvetfishes)

266. Pataecidae (prowfishes)

266.1 Gnathanacanthidae (red velvetfishes)

267. Congiopodidae (horsefishes)

2. Suborder Dactylopteroidei

260. Dactylopteridae (helmet gurnards)

3. Suborder Platycephaloidei

267.5 Plectrogenidae

267.6 Parabembridae

267.7 Bembridae (deepwater flatheads)

268. Triglidae (searobins)

268.1 Peristediidae (armored gurnards)

269.3 Hoplichthyidae (spiny flatheads)

269.5 Platycephalidae (flatheads)

4. Suborder Anoplopomatoidei

271. Anoplopomatidae (sablefishes)

5. Suborder Hexagrammoidei

272. Hexagrammidae (greenlings)

1 Hexagramminae (greenlings)

2 Pleurogramminae (Atka mackerels)

3 Ophiodontinae (lingcods)

4 Oxylebiinae (painted greenlings)

5 Zaniolepidinae (combfishes)

5.7 Suborder Normanichthyiodei

274. Normanichthyidae

6. Suborder Cottoidei

274.5 Rhamphocottidae (horsehead sculpins or grunt sculpins)

275. Ereuniidae

275.5 Bathylutichthyidae

276. Cottidae (sculpins)

277. Cottocomephoridae

277.3 Comephoridae (Baikal oilfishes)

278.5 Abyssocottidae

278.7 Hemitripteridae (sailfin sculpins or sea ravens)

279. Psychrolutidae (fatheads)

280. Agonidae (poachers, starsnouts, rockheads and alligator fishes)

1 Agoninae

2 Anoplagoninae

3 Bathyagoninae

4 Brachyopsinae

5 Hypsagoninae

6 Bothragoninae (rockheads)

281. Cyclopteridae (lumpsuckers)

281.1 Liparidae (snailfishes)

63. Order Perciformes

248. Caproidae

1. Suborder Percoidei (Includes incertae sedis taxa)

282. Centropomidae

1 Centropominae (snooks)

2 Latinae

282.5 Ambassidae

282.9 Lateolabracidae (Asian seaperches)

283. Percichthyidae (temperate basses)

283.1 Acropomatidae (lanternbellies)

283.2 Moronidae

283.4 Polyprionidae (wreckfishes)

283.5 Dinopercidae (cavebasses)

284. Serranidae (sea basses and groupers)

1 Serraninae

2 Anthiinae

3 Epinephelinae (groupers)

4 Liopropomatinae

7 Grammistinae (soapfishes)

284.4 Ostracoberycidae

284.5 Symphysanodontidae

284.6 Centrogeniidae

286. Pseudochromidae (dottybacks)

1 Pseudochrominae

2 Pseudoplesiopinae

3 Anisochrominae

4 Congrogadinae (eelblennies)

287. Grammatidae (basslets)

287.1 Callanthiidae

288. Plesiopidae (roundheads)

1 Plesiopinae

2 Acanthoclininae (spiny basslets)

289.1 Notograptidae

289.2 Opistognathidae (jawfishes)

291. Terapontidae (grunters or tigerfishes)

292. Banjosidae

293. Kuhliidae (flagtails or aholeholes)

294. Centrarchidae (sunfishes and freshwater basses)

295. Percidae (perches and darters)

296. Priacanthidae (bigeyes)

297. Apogonidae (cardinalfishes)

1 Apogoninae

2 Pseudaminae

297.1 Epigonidae

298. Dinolestidae

299. Sillaginidae (sillagos)

300. Malacanthidae (tilefishes)

1 Malacanthinae (sand tilefishes)

2 Latilinae (tilefishes)

302. Lactariidae (false trevallies)

302.1 Scombropidae (gnomefishes)

303. Pomatomidae (bluefishes)

304. Rachycentridae (cobias)

305. Echeneidae (remoras and sharksuckers)

306. Carangidae (jacks, amberjacks, pompanos)

307. Nematistiidae (roosterfishes)

308. Coryphaenidae (dolphins or dolphinfishes)

310. Menidae (moonfishes)

311. Leiognathidae (ponyfishes or slipmouths)

312. Bramidae (pomfrets)

313. Caristiidae (veilfins or manefishes)

314. Arripidae (Australian salmons)

315. Emmelichthyidae (rovers)

316. Lutjanidae (snappers)

317. Caesionidae (fusiliers)

318. Lobotidae (tripletails)

318.1 Coiidae (tigerperches)

319. Gerreidae (mojarras)

320. Haemulidae (grunts)

321. Inermiidae (bonnetmouths)

322. Sparidae (porgys and seabreams)

323. Centracanthidae

324. Lethrinidae (emperors)

325. Nemipteridae (threadfin breams and spinycheeks)

326. Sciaenidae (croakers and drums)

326.5 Polynemidae (threadfins)

327. Mullidae (goatfishes)

329. Pempheridae (sweepers)

329.1 Glaucosomatidae

330. Leptobramidae (beachsalmon)

331. Bathyclupeidae (bathyclupeids)

332. Toxotidae (archerfishes)

333. Dichistiidae (galjoens)

334. Kyphosidae (sea chubs)

1 Girellinae (nibblers)

2 Kyphosinae (rudderfishes)

3 Scorpidinae (halfmoons)

4 Microcanthinae

334.5 Parascorpididae (jutjaws)

335. Drepaneidae (sicklefishes)

335.5 Monodactylidae (moonies)

338. Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes)

339. Pomacanthidae (angelfishes)

340. Enoplosidae (oldwives)

341. Pentacerotidae (armorheads)

342. Nandidae (leaffishes)

1 Nandinae

2 Pristolepidinae

3 Badinae

343. Oplegnathidae (knifejaws)

348. Cirrhitidae (hawkfishes)

349. Chironemidae (kelpfishes)

350. Aplodactylidae

351. Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins or morwongs)

352. Latridae (trumpeters)

354. Cepolidae (bandfishes)

2. Suborder Mugiloidei

355. Mugilidae (mullets)

5. Suborder Labroidei

344. Cichlidae (cichlids)

345. Embiotocidae (surfperches)

346. Pomacentridae (damselfishes and anemonefishes)

358. Labridae (wrasses)

359. Odacidae

360. Scaridae (parrotfishes)

1 Scarinae

2 Sparisomatinae

6. Suborder Zoarcoidei

361. Bathymasteridae (ronquils)

362. Zoarcidae (eelpouts)

1 Gymnelinae

2 Lycodinae

3 Lycozoarcinae

4 Zoarcinae

363. Stichaeidae (pricklebacks)

1 Stichaeinae

2 Opisthocentrinae

3 Lumpeninae

4 Chirolophinae

5 Xiphisterinae

6 Neozoarcinae

364. Cryptacanthodidae (wrymouths)

365. Pholidae (gunnels)

366. Anarhichadidae (wolffishes)

367. Ptilichthyidae (quillfishes)

368. Zaproridae (prowfishes)

369. Scytalinidae (graveldivers)

7. Suborder Notothenioidei

370. Bovichtidae (bovichtids)

370.1 Pseudaphritidae

370.2 Eleginopidae

371. Nototheniidae (notothens)

372. Harpagiferidae (plunderfishes)

372.5 Artedidraconidae

373. Bathydraconidae (Antarctic dragonfishes)

374. Channichthyidae (crocodile icefishes)

8. Suborder Trachinoidei

377. Chiasmodontidae (swallowers)

378. Champsodontidae (gapers)

381. Trichodontidae (sandfishes)

381.5 Ammodytidae (sand lances)

382. Trachinidae (weeverfishes)

383. Uranoscopidae (stargazers)

384. Trichonotidae (sand divers)

385. Creediidae (sand burrowers)

386. Leptoscopidae

387. Percophidae (duckbills)

1 Percophinae

2 Bembropinae

3 Hemerocoetinae

388. Pinguipedidae (sandperches)

8.5 Suborder Pholidichthyoidei

380. Pholidichthyidae (convict-blennies)

9. Suborder Blennioidei

390.1 Tripterygiidae (threefin blennies)

390.2 Labrisomidae (labrisomids)

390.3 Clinidae (clinids and klipfishes)

390.4 Chaenopsidae (pikeblennies)

391. Dactyloscopidae (sand stargazers)

395. Blenniidae (blennies)

10. Suborder Icosteoidei

396. Icosteidae (ragfishes)

13. Suborder Callionymoidei

399. Callionymidae (dragonets)

400. Draconettidae (draconettids)

14. Suborder Gobioidei

401. Rhyacichthyidae (loach gobies)

401.1 Odontobutidae

402. Eleotridae (sleepers)

1 Butinae

2 Eleotrinae

403. Gobiidae (gobies)

1 Sicydiinae

2 Gobionellinae

3 Oxudercinae (mudskippers and allies)

4 Amblyopinae

5 Gobiinae (gobies)

406. Kraemeriidae (sand darts)

407. Microdesmidae

1 Microdesminae (wormfishes)

2 Ptereleotrinae

407.5 Xenisthmidae

407.6 Schindleriidae

15. Suborder Kurtoidei

296.5 Kurtidae (nurseryfishes)

16. Suborder Acanthuroidei

335.2 Ephippidae (spadefishes, batfishes and scats)

336. Scatophagidae (scats)

408. Siganidae (rabbitfishes)

408.1 Luvaridae (luvars)

408.2 Zanclidae (moorish idols)

409. Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes and unicornfishes)

16.4 Suborder Scombrolabracoidei

411. Scombrolabracidae (black mackerels)

16.5 Suborder Sphyraenoidei

356. Sphyraenidae (barracudas)

17. Suborder Scombroidei

412. Gempylidae (snake mackerels)

413. Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes and scabbardfishes)

1 Aphanopodinae

2 Lepidopinae

3 Trichiurinae

415. Xiphiidae (swordfishes)

417. Istiophoridae (billfishes and marlins)

417.5 Scombridae (mackerels, tunas and bonitos)

18. Suborder Stromateoidei

418. Amarsipidae (amarsipids)

419. Centrolophidae (medusafishes)

420. Nomeidae (flotsamfishes or driftfishes)

421. Ariommatidae (ariommatids)

422. Tetragonuridae (squaretails)

423. Stromateidae (butterfishes)

19. Suborder Anabantoidei

424. Anabantidae (climbing gouramies)

425. Osphronemidae (pikeheads)

1 Macropodinae

2 Luciocephalinae

3 Osphroneminae

4 Belontiinae

426. Helostomatidae (kissing gouramies)

21. Suborder Channoidei

429. Channidae (snakeheads)

64. Order Pleuronectiformes

432. Psettodidae (spiny turbots)

433. Citharidae

434.1 Scophthalmidae (scophthalmids)

434.2 Paralichthyidae

434.3 Bothidae (lefteye flounders)

434.5 Achiropsettidae (southern or armless flounders)

435. Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)

1 Poecilopsettinae

2 Rhombosoleinae

4 Pleuronectinae

5 Paralichthodinae

435.1 Samaridae

436. Achiridae

437. Soleidae (soles)

437.5 Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes)

1 Symphurinae

2 Cynoglossinae

65. Order Tetraodontiformes

438. Triacanthodidae (spikefishes)

439. Triacanthidae (triplespines)

440. Balistidae (triggerfishes)

440.5 Monacanthidae (filefishes)

441. Ostraciidae (boxfishes)

1 Aracaninae

2 Ostraciinae

442. Triodontidae (threetooth puffers)

443. Tetraodontidae (puffers)

444. Diodontidae (porcupinefishes and burrfishes)

445. Molidae (molas or ocean sunfishes)

9 Class Sarcopterygii

1. Order Coelacanthiformes

31. Latimeriidae (coelacanths)

4. Order Ceratodontiformes

28. Ceratodontidae (Australian lungfishes)

5. Order Lepidosireniformes

29. Lepidosirenidae (South American lungfishes)

29.1 Protopteridae (African lungfishes)

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0208690.

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Last updated: 27-February-2004 / WJP