Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Apistogramma: [ 110 ] records

acrensis, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 2003:10, Figs. [Cichliden-Lexikon Teil 3; ref. 27488] Lake at the entry the Rio Acre, about 25 kilometers from the city Rio Branco, Brazil. Holotype: MTD F 27040. Paratypes: MTD F 27041(1), F 27485-86 (2); NMW (2); ZMB 33914 (2). Other paratypes in Vienna and Berlin. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:28 [ref. 27474], Paepke & Schindler 2013:261 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Apistogramma acrensis Staeck 2003 -- (Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:392 [ref. 28970], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:26 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma acrensis Staeck 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Acre basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

aequipinnis, Apistogramma Ahl [E.] 1938:246 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 123 (nos 10/12); ref. 17127] Argentina (probably). Holotype (unique): ZMB 23409. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:261 [ref. 32895]. also described in Mitsch-Königsdörfer (ex Ahl) 1938:180 [ref. 27241]. •Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:13, 21 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:47 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

agassizii, Geophagus (Mesops) Steindachner [F.] 1875:111 [51], Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.); ref. 4220] Curupira, Codajas, Rio Poti de São Joao, Lago Maximo, and Lago Manacapuru, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 23484. Paralectotypes: (many) MCZ 16029 (3); MSNG 7685 [ex NMW] (1); NMW 23507-10 (1, 1, 1, 1), 23519-29 (11 now 8), 23431-33 (2), 23446-48 (2), 23478-83 (5), 23552 (1), 23712-20 (1 ea.); ZSM 6086 [ex NMW 23519-529] (3 now 2, 1 missing). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:340 [ref. 10350], Neumann 2011:249 [ref. 31652]. On p. 51 of separate. Lectotype selected by Kullander 1980:89 [ref. 5526]. •Valid as Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner 1875) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:189 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:611 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:13 [ref. 27488], Römer 2006:398 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:330 [ref. 31674], Römer & Hahn 2013:176 [ref. 32902], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701], Staeck 2017:28 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner 1875). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

aguarico, Apistogramma Römer [U.] & Hahn [I.] 2013:172, Figs. 1-5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 32902] Rio Napo System, laguna (ca. 9°47'S, 75°57'W), connected to Rio Lagartococha, about 25 km upstream from confluence with rio Aguarco, Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 101588. Paratypes: FMNH 117725 (3), 117726 (4); MTD F 32379 (1), •Valid as Apistogramma aguarico Römer & Hahn 2013. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma aguarico Römer & Hahn 2013. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Napo system, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

alacrina, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 2004:41, Figs. 1-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27650] Río Ariari, Río Guaviare drainage, roadside pond on eastern side of road from Vista Hermosa to San Martín, 4.9 kilometers north of Campo Alegre and 6.2 kilometers north of Vista Hermosa, Meta, Colombia. Holotype: UF 33670. Paratypes: CAS 50638 (9); ICNMNHN 6735 (2); UF 128785 (2), 33687 (2), 33717 (23), NRM 27040 (2), 33375 (6), 36102 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma alacrina Kullander 2004 -- (Römer et al. 2004:29 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:404 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:331 [ref. 31674], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:104 [ref. 31958], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:31 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma alacrina Kullander 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

allpahuayo, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Beninde [J.], Duponchelle [F.], Díaz [A. V.], Ortega [H.], Hahn [I.], Soares [D. P.], Cachay [C. D.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Cornejo [S. S.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2012:191, Figs. 1-7, 9, 12-14, 18 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32047] Small lake with a small effluent brook, ca. 29 km south of Iquitos, about 2 km west of the road from Iquitos to Nauta, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 3°59'11.1"S, 73°25'51.4"W, Loreto Peru. Holotype: MUSM 40593. Paratypes: CAS, MTD, MUSM. •Valid as Apistogramma allpahuayo Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Díaz, Ortega, Hahn, Soares, Cachay, Dávila, Cornejo & Renno 2012 -- (Römer et al. 2017:153 [ref. 35309], Staeck 2017:33 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma allpahuayo Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Díaz, Ortega, Hahn et al. 2012. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Nanay system (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

amoenus, Geophagus Cope [E. D.] 1872:250 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Holotype: ANSP (not found). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621] as no types at ANSP. •Nomen dubium -- (Kullander 1986:46 [ref. 12439]). •Species inquirenda in Apistogramma -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Apistogramma amoenus (Cope 1872) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:42 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Apistogramma amoena (Cope 1872) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Staeck 2003:16 [ref. 27488], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma amoena (Cope 1872). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

angayuara, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] & Ferreira [E. J. G.] 2005:362, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 28385] Rio Trombetas right bank, below cachoeira Vira Mundo, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 24058. Paratypes: INPA 12645 (1), 12646 (1), 12647 (14); NRM 37028 (5). •Valid as Apistogramma angayuara Kullander & Ferreira 2005 -- (Römer 2006:414 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:35 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma angayuara Kullander & Ferreira 2005. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Trombetas River, Pará state, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

arua, Apistogramma Römer [U.] & Warzel [F.] 1998:46, Figs. 1-2, 5-6, 9-10 + 1-4 (back) [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 23583] Some 2.5 kilometers upstream of village of Arua in a small right-bank affluent of Rio Arua, tributary of Rio Arapiuns, Para State, Brazil, about 2°39'27"S, 55°43'24"W. Holotype: MZUSP uncat. Paratypes: ZFMK 18599 (1), 18601 (1), 18605 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:127 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma arua Römer & Warzel 1998 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:16 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Staeck 2017:36 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma arua Römer & Warzel 1998. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

atahualpa, Apistogramma Römer [U.] 1997:9, 2 figs. [Buntbarsche Bulletin No. 182; ref. 23264] Peru [no locality]. Holotype: SMF 28212. Paratypes: SMF 28197-99 (1, 1, 1) Possible locality suggested by author. •Valid as Apistogramma atahualpa Römer 1997 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:17 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:17 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2011:16 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:37 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma atahualpa Römer 1997. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in Nancy River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

baenschi, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Hahn [I.], Römer [E.], Soares [D. P.] & Wöhler [M.] 2004:16, Figs. 1-5, 7-13 [Das Aquarium, Monatsmagazin für Vivaristik v. 38 (no. 422); ref. 27791] Tributary of Rio Shanushi, lower Rio Hualaga System, Peru, near 6°03'S, 77°53'W. Holotype: MTD 26965. Paratypes: CAS 219381-86 (6), 219388-92 (5); MTD F26964 (1), F28102-08 (7), F28109-14 (6); SMF 29765a-b (2), 29765c-d (2); ZFMK 39828-29 (2), 39830-31 (2). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:127 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma baenschi Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler 2004 -- (Römer 2006:426 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:39 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma baenschi Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Maranon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

barlowi, Apistogramma Römer [U.] & Hahn [I.] 2008:50, Figs. 1-8, 10 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 1); ref. 30725] Small forest creek, tributary to rio Ampiyaca-system, about 71°55'W, 03°10'S, vicinity of El Pozo, District Pebas, Province Mariscal Ramon Castilla, Departamento Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 30727. Paratypes: many at CAS, FMNH, MTD. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Apistogramma barlowi Römer & Hahn 2008 -- (Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745] as cf. barlowi, Römer et al. 2017:153 [ref. 35309], Staeck 2017:41 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma barlowi Römer & Hahn 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Peru and ?Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

bitaeniata, Apistogramma pertense var. Pellegrin [J.] 1936:56 [Bulletin de la Société Nationale d'Acclimatation de France v. 83; ref. 19743] Rio Madeira, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN 1935-0034. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1935-0035 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:203 [ref. 20868], Kullander 1986:369 [ref. 12439]. Lectotype selected by Kullander 1980:97 [ref. 5526]. •Valid as Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:191 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Römer et al. 2003:27 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:20 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:29 [ref. 34102], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Staeck 2017:43 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

borellii, Heterogramma Regan [C. T.] 1906:63 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 97) (art. 6); ref. 3626] Carandasiñho, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1900.4.14.12-15 (4). Additional material: BMNH 1895.1.30.2-4 (3) Colonia Risso, Brazil. •Valid as Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27366], Staeck 2003:21 [ref. 27488], Casciotta et al. 2003:152 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131] as borelli, Zarucki et al. 2010:192 [ref. 34811], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561] as borelli, Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565] as borelli, Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Staeck 2017:46 [ref. 35639], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:47 [ref. 37939], Loureiro et al. 2023:146 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraná basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:107, Fig. 13 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Small creek off Lago Penera, 0°01'N, 67°21'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 570. Paratypes: IRSNB 571 (17), 572 (orig. 94, now 44), 573-574 (1, 1); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 572] (50). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:28 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma brevis Kullander 1980 -- (Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:44 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:23 [ref. 27488], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Staeck 2017:49 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma brevis Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Rio Negro, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cacatuoides, Apistogramma Hoedeman [J. J.] 1951:1, Fig. [Beaufortia v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 12895] Amazon River basin, between 69°W and 71°W [originally Paramaribo, Suriname (in error)]. Holotype: ZMA 100033. Paratypes: ZMA 100033 (1, with holotype). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:84 [ref. 19236]. Type locality corrected by Kullander 1980:83 [ref. 5526]. •Valid as Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman 1951 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:181 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Lucena 2001:68 [ref. 25666], Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:24 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2006:558 [ref. 28967], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Staeck 2017:51 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman 1951. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

caetei, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:76 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Igarapé in Bragança, Pará, Brazil, 1°45'S, 46°47'W. Holotype: FMNH 54164 [ex CM 2732]. Paratypes: FMNH 95176 [ex CM 2732] (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apistogramma caetei Kullander 1980 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:28 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:54 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma caetei Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Apeú and Caeté rivers, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

caudomaculata, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:117, Fig. 52 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Maripa, río Caura, morichal Pozo Vagabundo, 7°23'41"N, 65°09'78"W, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 13413. Paratypes: MHNLS 10986 (1), 13922 (1), 13934 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma caudomaculata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:57 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma caudomaculata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

cinilabra, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Duponchelle [F.], Díaz [A. V.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Sirvas [S.], Catchay [C. D.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2011:5, Figs. 1-28 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 61 (no. 1); ref. 31288] Small lake ca. 78 km south of Iquitos, about 1 km west of the road from Iquitos to Nauta, Departamento Loreto, Peru, 4°00'46".2"S, 73°27'47.7"W. Holotype: MUSM 39908. Paratypes: many at CAS, FMNH, MTD, MUSM. •Valid as Apistogramma cinilabra Römer, Duponchelle, Díaz, Dávila, Sirvas, Catchay & Renno 2011 -- (Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:58 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma cinilabra Römer, Duponchelle, Díaz, Dávila, Sirvas, Catchay & Renno 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Itaya drainage (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

commbrae, Heterogramma Regan [C. T.] 1906:64 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 97) (art. 6); ref. 3626] Carandasiñho, Mato Grosso and Colonia Risso, Alto Paraguay. Lectotype: BMNH 1900.4.14.16. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.1.30.6-9 (4). Spelled commbae on p. viii. Eigenmann's manuscript name Biotodoma commbrae is in synonymy. Described independently as corubrae in Eigenmann & Ward 1907. Also seen as corumbae in literature. Lectotype selected by Kullander 1982:36 [ref. ref. 29218]. •Valid as Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27366], Staeck 2003:29 [ref. 27488], Casciotta et al. 2003:153 [ref. 28130], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Staeck 2017:59 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[26] [ref. 35679], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:49 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:146 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay, Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

corumbae, Heterogramma Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ward [D. P.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:146, Pl. 45 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Corumbá, Rio Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 33719 [ex IU 10166]. Paratypes: AMNH 1105 [ex IU 10167] (2); CAS 33720 [ex IU 10167] (orig. 9, now 5); FMNH 52614 [ex IU 10167] (1); ZMB 17093 (11), ?17095 (3), ?17016 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:29, 30 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:49 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cruzi, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1986:159, Figs. 49-50, Pl. 16 [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] Río Mazán tributary, above Puerto Alegre, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: NRM 16664. Paratypes: GNHM 2820-23 (3, 22, 4, 1); MNHC 2233.93 (2), NRM 16663 (2). •Valid as Apistogramma cruzi Kullander 1986 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:30 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:25 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:173 [ref. 32902], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:61 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma cruzi Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

diplotaenia, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1987:259, Fig. 1 [Zoologica Scripta v. 16 (no. 3); ref. 9163] Rio Negro, downstream of River Daraã, eastern Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 28213. Paratypes: MZUSP 28177 (33), 28189 (1), 28194 (5), 28199 (96), 28214 (28), 28230 (1); NRM 16669 (8), 40203 [ex NRM 16669] (2, c&s); USNM 269342 (9), 269349 (9). Chech for spelling diplotaeniata. •Valid as Apistogramma diplotaenia Kullander 1987 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:31 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:31 [ref. 34102], Schindler & Staeck 2013:302 [ref. 33110] as diplotaeniata, Staeck 2017:63 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Staeck & Schindler 2019:108 [ref. 36531]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma diplotaenia Kullander 1987. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Negro drainage, Amazon River basin: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

eleutheria, Apistogramma Varella [H. R.] & Britzke [R.] 2016:82, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 34364] Rio Trezo de Maio, tributary of Rio Curuá, upstream of PCH Salto Treze de Maio dam, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 8°45'06"S, 55°02'05"W. Holotype: MZUSP 115293. Paratypes: MZUSP. •Valid as Apistogramma eleutheria Varella & Britzke 2016. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma eleutheria Varella & Britzke 2016. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

elizabethae, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:103, Fig. 12 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Affluent of Rio Uaupés at Trovao, about 20 kilometers from mouth of Uaupés, 0°02'N, 67°26'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 596. Paratypes: IRSNB 597-598 (9, 1). Type information: Walschaerts 1987:28 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma elizabethae Kullander 1980 -- (Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:32 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:31 [ref. 34102], Staeck 2017:65 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma elizabethae Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Uaupés River drainage, Rio Negro basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

eremnopyge, Apistogramma Ready [J. S.] & Kullander [S. O.] 2004:2, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa No. 564; ref. 27843] Río Pintuyacu, 48 kilometers on road from Iquitos to Nauta, Río Itaya drainage, Province Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 21214. Paratypes: NRM 49446 (4). •Valid as Apistogramma eremnopyge Ready & Kullander 2004 -- (Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:452 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:67 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma eremnopyge Ready & Kullander 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Pintuyacu River (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

erythrura, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] & Schindler [I.] 2008:198, Figs. 1-6, 8-13 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29916] Drainage of the río Yata, Laguna Larga (= Lago Largo), ca. 160 kilometers northwest of Santa Ana de Yacuma, Departamento Beni, Bolivia. Holotype: MTD F 31469. Paratypes: MTD F 31470-31476 (7), 31477-94 (18), 31495-502 (8); uncat. (2). •Valid as Apistogramma erythrura Staeck & Schindler 2008 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck & Schindler 2016:149 [ref. 34777], Staeck 2017:69 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma erythrura Staeck & Schindler 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Drainage of the Lower Mamoré River, Beni Department, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

eunotus, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1981:184, Figs. 1-3 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 32 (no. 1-2); ref. 8581] Near Pucallpa, "Dunkelwasser bei Campo Verde", River Ucayali system, Depto. Loreto, Peru. Holotype: ZFMK 10772. Paratypes: BMNH 1913.7.30.56-57 (2); MCZ 15807 (2); NRM 16687 (15), 16688 (10); ZFMK 10773-10774 (2). Type catalog: Busse 1984:222 [ref. 28342], Kullander 1986:363 [ref. 12439], Herder et al. 2010:127 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma eunotus Kullander 1981 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:156 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:33 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:25 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:176 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:71 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma eunotus Kullander 1981. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

feconat, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Soares [D. P.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Duponchelle [F.], Renno [J.-F.] & Hahn [I.] 2015:320, Figs. 20-27 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 65 (no. 3); ref. 34003] Departamento Loreto, District Instituto, just outside Zona Reservada Pucacuro, headwaters of small right-hand forest stream feeding the Rio Pucacuro, about 10 km from the confluence of the Rio Pucacuro with the Rio Tigre, Peru (about 75°02′W, 03°14′S). Holotype: MUSM 43066. Paratypes: MTD, MUSM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Apistogramma feconat Römer, Soares, Dávila, Duponchelle, Renno & Hahn 2015 -- (Staeck 2017:74 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma feconat Römer, Soares, Dávila, Duponchelle, Renno & Hahn 2015. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tigre drainage (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

flabellicauda, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:68, Fig. 32 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río Autana, comunidad-raudal La Ceguera, 4°48'08.6"N, 67°29'10.2"W, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 20376. Paratypes: MHNLS 18117 (1), 18663 (1) •Valid as Apistogramma flabellicauda Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Staeck 2017:75 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma flabellicauda Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

flavipedunculata, Apistogramma Varella [H. R.] & Britzke [R.] 2016:87, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 34364] Rio Escorpiao at route BR163 bridge, tributary of the upper rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 8°53'54"S, 54°59'20"W. Holotype: MZUSP 115292. Paratypes: MZUSP. •Valid as Apistogramma flavipedunculata Varella & Britzke 2016. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma flavipedunculata Varella & Britzke 2016. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper rio Curuá drainage, rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

geisleri, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1971:35, Fig. 1 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 52 (nos 1-2); ref. 7693] Rio Curuçamba near Obidos, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: SMF 10617. Paratypes: SMF 10618-19 (2). •Valid as Apistogramma geisleri Meinken 1971 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:34 [ref. 27488], Schindler & Staeck 2013:305 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:76 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[26] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma geisleri Meinken 1971. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gephyra, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:131, Fig. 17 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Rio Igarapé affluent of Rio Negro, Archipel das Anavilhanas, 3°00'S, 60°45'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 581. Paratypes: IRSNB 582-583 (6, 8). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:28 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma gephyra Kullander 1980 -- (Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:34 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2017:78 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma gephyra Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Negro River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbiceps, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1969:91, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 50 (nos 1-2); ref. 7833] Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: SMF 9441. Paratypes: (9) SMF 9442-46 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 9449 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma gibbiceps Meinken 1969 -- (Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:35 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:32 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:480 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:80 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma gibbiceps Meinken 1969. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Branco and middle Negro River basins, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gossei, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1982:65, Fig. 1 [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ichtyologie v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 8456] Martinique, Oyapock River system, Amapá territory, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 1981-231. Paratypes: BMNH 1926.3.2.962-965 (4 of 8?); IRSNB 590-593 (1, now 1, now 0, 2); MNHN 1903-0039 (1), 1931-0562 (3), 1981-0357 to 0359 (1, 2, 1); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 591] (1), MZUSP [ex IRSNB 592] (2); NRM 16793 [ex MNHN] (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:28-29 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma gossei Kullander 1982 -- (Keith et al. 2000:182 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:37 [ref. 27488], Römer 2006:168 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701], Staeck 2017:82 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma gossei Kullander 1982. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Oyapock River drainage and Approuague River drainage: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

guttata, Apistogramma Antonio C. [M. E.], Kullander [S. O.] & Lasso [C. A.] 1989:132, Figs. 1-5 [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 12 (nos 3-4); ref. 19161] Río Morichal Largo, close to village of San Miguel, 8°38'N, 63°22'W, Estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 3587. Paratypes: MHNLS 4652 (2), 5380 (1); MBUCV-V-15374 to 78 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), V-16454 (1), V-16456 to 57 (1, 1), V-17898 (1); NRM 16877 (1). Type catalog: Lasso A. et al. 1997:49 [ref. 23639], Provenzano et al. 1998:3 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Apistogramma guttata Antonio C., Kullander & Lasso 1989 -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:46 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:38 [ref. 27488] dating to 1990, Kullander 2004:46 [ref. 27650], Römer et al. 2011:330 [ref. 31674], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:99 [ref. 31958], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:84 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma guttata Antonio C., Kullander & Lasso 1989. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio San Juan and lower Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

haraldschultzi, Apistogramma trifasciatum Meinken [H.] 1960:291, Figs. 1-2 [Aquarien Terrarien v. 7 (no. 10); ref. 17636] Upper Guaporé river, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ZMH H1209. Paratypes: ZMH H1210 (6). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:160 [ref. 22013]. Originally as harald schultzi as a subspecies of trifasciatum; here regarded as one name to be combined. •Synonym of Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:111, 112 [ref. 27488], Staeck & Schindler 2008:205 [ref. 29916], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:50 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

helkeri, Apistogramma Schindler [I.] & Staeck [W.] 2013:302, Figs. 1-4 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 3); ref. 33110] Estado Amazonas, drainage of the lower río Cuao, approx. 500 meters upstream of the village Danto (approx. 05°02′N, 67°33′ W), Venezuela. Holotype: MTD F 33020. Paratypes: MTD F 33021 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma helkeri Schindler & Staeck 2013 -- (Staeck 2017:86 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma helkeri Schindler & Staeck 2013. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower río Cuao, upper Orinoco basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

hippolytae, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1982:182, Figs. 1, 4-5 [DCG-Informationen (Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft) v. 13 (no. 10); ref. 8455] Igarapé des Lago Manacapuru, Rio Solimões system, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 6657. Paratypes: MZUSP 19396-19428 (33), MZUSP uncat. (1, 1, 2); NRM 16672 (5). •Valid as Apistogramma hippolytae Kullander 1982 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:38 [ref. 27488], Römer 2006:512 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:87 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma hippolytae Kullander 1982. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Middle Negro River drainage and Lake Manacapuru, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

hoignei, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1965:258, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 46 (no. 4); ref. 9232] Río Portuguesa, tributary of the Río Apuré, near Santa Rosa, Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: SMF 7891. Paratypes: SMF 7892 (1, with holotype). •Valid as Apistogramma hoignei Meinken 1965 -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:48 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:39 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:46 [ref. 27650], Römer 2006:518 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:331 [ref. 31674], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:135 [ref. 31965], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:90 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma hoignei Meinken 1965. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

hongsloi, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1979:74, Fig. 5 [Zoologica Scripta v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 8816] Finca Boca de Guarrojo, Río Guarromo, Vichada, Colombia, 4°07'N, 70°45'W. Holotype: NRM 11234. Other specimens (paratypes): NRM 11235-39 (8, 3, 2, 1, 1). •Valid as Apistogramma hongsloi Kullander 1979 -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:50 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:40 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:46 [ref. 27650], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:95 [ref. 31958], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:93 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma hongsloi Kullander 1979. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and middle Meta River drainage (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

huascar, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Pretor [P.] & Hahn [I.] 2006:538, many photos p. 524-567 [Cichlid Atlas vol. 2; ref. 28967] Small forest creek (quebrada) ca. 45 km southwest of Iquitos in the drainage of the Rio Nanaý, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 28800. Paratypes: CAS, MTD. •Valid as Apistogramma huascar Römer, Pretor & Hahn 2006 -- (Römer et al. 2011:16 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Staeck 2017:96 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma huascar Römer, Pretor & Hahn 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Río Nanaý drainage (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

inconspicua, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1983:307, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologica Scripta v. 11 (no. 4) [1982]; ref. 8457] Small pool of Río Candelaria, 16°00'S, 61°40'W, Santa Cruz Dept., Bolivia. Holotype: IRSNB 637. Paratypes: IRSNB 638 (orig. 2, now 1), MZUSP [ex IRSNB 638] (1), NRM 16667 [A82/3405] (1). Additional material: FMNH 54168 (1), 54178 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367], Walschaerts 1987:29 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma inconspicua Kullander 1983 -- (Britski et al. 1999:146 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:41 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:47 [ref. 27650], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck & Schindler 2016:149 [ref. 34777], Staeck 2017:98 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[26] [ref. 35679], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma inconspicua Kullander 1983. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraguay and Rio Guaporé drainage (Bolivia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

iniridae, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1979:76, Fig. 7 [Zoologica Scripta v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 8816] Pueblo Bretania (Yuri Bajo), Caño (Río) Bocón, Guainía, Colombia, 3°39'N, 68°05'W. Holotype: NRM 11224. Other specimens (paratypes): IRSNB 15.223 (6); NRM 11225-30 (4, 5, now 7, now 2, 1, 2). •Valid as Apistogramma iniridae Kullander 1979 -- (Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:52 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:44 [ref. 27488], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:75 [ref. 31958], Staeck 2017:100 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma iniridae Kullander 1979. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

inornata, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 2003:46, Figs. [Cichliden-Lexikon Teil 3; ref. 27488] Pool at entry of Rio Maniapure, Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MTD F 27042. Paratypes: MTD F 27043 (1), 27491-92 (2). Other paratypes in Vienna. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:28 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Apistogramma inornata Staeck 2003 -- (Römer et al. 2004:29 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:568 [ref. 28970], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:88 [ref. 31958], Staeck 2017:102 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma inornata Staeck 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedia, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:121, Fig. 54 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río Caura, caño el Cambur (en el puente a 5 km del río Caura), Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 829. Paratypes: MHNLS 8208 (1), 12482 (1), 19862 (1) •Valid as Apistogramma intermedia Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma intermedia Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Río Caura and Orinoco River Delta, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

juruensis, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1986:177, Fig. 60, Pl. 19 (figs. 1-2) [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Juruá drainage, Acre, Brazil. Holotype: ZUEC 1374. Paratypes: MZUSP 32692 (2), NRM 16686 [A85/1982006.3541] (1), ZUEC 1378-1380 (2). •Valid as Apistogramma juruensis Kullander 1986 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:47 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Staeck 2017:104 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma juruensis Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Juruá River drainage, upper Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

klausewitzi, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1962:138, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 6157] Rio Salimoes, Igarapé Preto, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: SMF 5526. Paratypes: SMF 5527-31 (5). Type catalog: Kullander 1986:369 [ref. 12439]. •Synonym of Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936 -- (Kullander 1986:191 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:20, 49 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:9 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kleei, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1964:293, Figs. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 17 (no. 10); ref. 2612] Upper Amazon (? Peru). Holotype: USNM 199593. Paratypes: USNM 199594 (2). Type catalog: Kullander 1986:369 [ref. 12439]. •Synonym of Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936 -- (Kullander 1986:191 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:20, 49 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:9 [ref. 27843]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kullanderi, Apistogramma Varella [H. R.] & Sabaj Pérez [M. H.] 2014:246, Figs. 1-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 33624] Pará, Altamira, unnamed tributary of Rio Curuá, on route BR163 bridge, 8°49'12"S, 54°58'11"W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 115957. Paratypes: ANSP, MZUSP, NRM. •Valid as Apistogramma kullanderi Varella & Sabaj Pérez 2014 -- (Römer et al. 2017:168 [ref. 35309], Staeck 2017:106 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma kullanderi Varella & Sabaj Pérez 2014. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Curuá drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lineata, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:78, Fig. 36 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río Atabapo, caño Garza, 3°44'N, 67°34'W, Departamento de Guainía, Colombia. Holotype: IAvH-P 11794. Paratypes: MHNLS 22849 (1). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Apistogramma lineata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Schindler & Staeck 2013:305 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:107 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma lineata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

linkei, Apistogramma Koslowski [I.] 1985:151, Fig. 5 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 36 (nos 1-2); ref. 8148] Northwest of the town of Santa Cruz, about 16°20'S, 68°25'W to 16°15'S, 68°50'W, Bolivia. Holotype: ZFMK 13323. Paratypes: BMNH 1985.1.28.1-5 (5); IRSNB 695 (1), 724 (6); MNHN 1985-1082 to 1083 [ex NRM] (2, 2), 1988-941 (2); MZUSP 28726 (8); NRM A83/1983273.3046 (7), A83/1983281.3054 (7), A84/1983166.3061 (3), A84/1982118.3062 (5); ZFMK 2268-73 (6), 2303 (1), 13320-22 (3), 13324-399 (76); ZMA 119629 (6) Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:29 [ref. 20755], Herder et al. 2010:127 [ref. 31087] with detailed locality informtion.. •Valid as Apistogramma linkei Koslowski 1985 -- (Hein et al. 2002:00 [ref. 26552], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:49 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2011:16 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck 2017:108 [ref. 35639], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma linkei Koslowski 1985. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Mamoré and Beni River basins (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

luelingi, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1976:259, Fig. 1 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 27 (Heft 3-4); ref. 7346] Quebrada mit Altwasser unterhalb San Francisco seitlich des River Chiripiri, Bolivia. Holotype: ZFMK 2283. Paratypes: ZFMK 2303 (1), 2284-91 (8). Type catalog: Busse 1984:222 [ref. 28342], Herder et al. 2010:128 [ref. 31087]. Kullander 1986:177 [ref. 12439] corrected type locality [not R. Chapare, Todos Santos, Bolivia, as stated in original description]. •Valid as Apistogramma luelingi Kullander 1976 -- (Kullander 1986:170 [ref. 12439], Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Lucena 2001:68 [ref. 25666], Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:49 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:17 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2006:558 [ref. 28967], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:111 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma luelingi Kullander 1976. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Madre de Dios and Mamoré River basins, Amazon basin, Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

maciliense, Heterogramma trifasciatum var. Haseman [J. D.] 1911:360, Pl. 62 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] São Antonio de Guaporé, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH [ex CM 2751] (21 mm). Paratypes and possibly holotype: CAS 33722 [ex IU 13282] (1), FMNH 54177 [ex CM 2751] (2, missing). Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. Originally 4 types; holotype established in caption to Pl. 62 (fig. 2) if identifiable. •Valid as Apistogramma maciliensis (Haseman 1911) -- (Römer & Warzel 1998:52 [ref. 23583], Römer et al. 2004:32 [ref. 34102]). •Synonym of Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:111, 112 [ref. 27488], Staeck & Schindler 2008:205 [ref. 29916], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:50 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

macmasteri, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1979:70, Fig. 1 [Zoologica Scripta v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 8816] Stream at foot of Cordillera, Finca La Ponderosa, on road to Restrepo, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, 4°15'N, 73°35'W. Holotype: NRM 11240. Paratypes or other specimens: AMNH 22733 (1); FMNH 55218 [ex CM 3930] (1); NRM 11241-44 (1, 6, 4, 5). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apistogramma macmasteri Kullander 1979 -- (Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:54 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:51 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:46 [ref. 27650], Römer et al. 2011:330 [ref. 31674], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:107 [ref. 31958], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], DoNascimiento 2016:541 [ref. 34727], Staeck 2017:114 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma macmasteri Kullander 1979. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Meta River drainage (Colombia) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

marmoratus, Apistogramma Dunker [T.] 1960:225 [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 13 (no. 8); ref. 33732] Import from South America. Not intended as a new species, title as: Apistogramma marmoratus? •Synonym of Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedemann 1951 -- (Schmettkamp 1982:50 [ref. 33733]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman 1951. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

martini, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Hahn [I.], Römer [E.], Soares [D. P.] & Wöhler [M.] 2003:15, Figs. 1-5, 8-21, 24-26 [Das Aquarium, Monatsmagazin für Vivaristik v. 37 (no. 406); ref. 26768] Small tributary of Rio Nanay, about 3°31'10'S, 74°25'40"W, near Alvarenga [formerly Puerto Alianza], Santa Maria District, Maynas Province, Loreto Dept., Peru. Holotype: MTD F 26849. Paratypes: CAS 216883-87 (1 ea.), 216878-82 (1 ea.); MTD F 26850-58 [or 53] (1 ea.), 26945-63 (1 ea.); SMF 29331a-e (1 ea.), 29332a-e (1 ea.); ZFMK 39412-21 (1 ea.); ZMB 33329-38 (1 ea.). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:28 [ref. 27474] with different information than the original description, Herder et al. 2010:128 [ref. 31087]; Paepke & Schindler 2013:261 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Apistogramma martini Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler 2003 -- (Staeck 2003:52 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2003:11 [ref. 28080], Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:574 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2006:652 [ref. 28969], Römer et al. 2006:680 [ref. 28968], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Staeck 2017:117 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma martini Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Río Nanay drainage, upper Amazon basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

megaptera, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011 [Biota Colombiana v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 31959] Río Inírida, caño Matadero, 3°48'32.7"N, 67°54'23.8"W, Departamento de Guainía, Colombia. Holotype: IAvH-P 11714 [ex MHNLS 22547]. Paratypes: MHNLS 4188 (1), 22546 (1), 26037 (1). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Apistogramma megaptera Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:119 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma megaptera Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

megastoma, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Römer [C. I.], Estivals [G.], Díaz [A. V.], Duponchelle [F.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Hahn [I.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2017:153, Figs. 1-5, 7-19 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 67 (no. 2); ref. 35309] Small forest streams southwest of Leticia, probably draining to Rio Yavarí, Amazonas system, Departamento Loreto, Peru, approximately 04°12'S, 70°06'W. Holotype: MUSM 52459. Paratypes: IIAP, MTD, MUSM. •Valid as Apistogramma megastoma Römer, Römer, Estivals, Díaz, Duponchelle, Dávila, Hahn & Renno 2017 -- (Staeck 2017:120 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma megastoma Römer, Römer, Estivals, Díaz, Duponchelle, Dávila, Hahn & Renno 2017. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Yavarí drainage, upper Amazon basin (Peru, Brazil and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

meinkeni, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:118, Fig. 15 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Affluent of Rio Uaupés at Trovao, about 20 kilometers from mouth of Uaupés, 0°02'N, 67°26'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 567. Paratypes: IRSNB 568 (32), 569 (2). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:29 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma meinkeni Kullander 1980 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:53 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2006:762 [ref. 28966], Staeck 2017:121 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma meinkeni Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Uaupés River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

mendezi, Apistogramma Römer [U.] 1994:1, Figs. 1, 3-7 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 21306] Rio Salgado, near Barcelos do Rio Negro, Dept. Amazonas, Brazil, about 0°01'S, 63°04'W. Holotype: ZFMK 17458. Paratypes: (17) INPA UR91027 (1), 91170 (1), 91172 (1), 91204-05 (1, 1), 91169 (1), 91209 (1), 91217 (1); ZFMK 17459-60 (1, 1) 17462-63 (1, 1), 17501-04 (1, 1, 1, 1); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:128 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma mendezi Römer 1994 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:54 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:31 [ref. 34102], Staeck 2017:123 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma mendezi Römer 1994. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Negro River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

minima, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:84, Fig. 38 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río Ventuari, caño Guapuchi, 4°11'35.7"N, 66°44'56.7'W, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 18075. Paratypes: MHNLS 18023 (1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Apistogramma minima Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Schindler & Staeck 2013:305 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:125 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma minima Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

moae, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:61, Fig. 9 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Igarapé São Salvador, of Rio Moá, Cruzeiro-do-Sul, Acre, Brazil, 7°38'S, 72°36'W. Holotype: IRSNB 586. Paratypes: IRSNB 587 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:29 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma moae Kullander 1980 -- (Kullander 1986:169 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:55 [ref. 27488], Römer 2006:596 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Schindler & Staeck 2013:305 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:126 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma moae Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Juruá River drainage, upper Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nijsseni, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1979:938, Figs. 1, 5 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 86 (no. 4); ref. 8815] Río Copal, Jenaro Herrera, Río Ucayali system, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MHNG 1595.82. Paratypes: MHNG 1595.83-85 (3), 1595.86-89 (4); NRM 11298 [ex MHNG 1595.89] (1); ZMA 116054 [ex MHNG 1959.83] (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236], Kullander 1986:367 [ref. 12439], Weber 1998:12 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Apistogramma nijsseni Kullander 1979 -- (Kullander 1986:188 [ref. 12439], Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:55 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:17 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2006:652 [ref. 28969], Römer et al. 2006:680 [ref. 28968], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:128 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma nijsseni Kullander 1979. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Ucayali River drainage, upper Amazon basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

norberti, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 1991:140, Figs. 1-10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 18966] Forest brook of the Quebrada Nuevo Horizonte, Río Tahuayo basin, about 4°05'S, 73°05'W, Dept. Loreto, Peru. Holotype: ZMB 32002. Paratypes: NRM 13330 (4), ZMB 32003 (11), ZSM 27974 (2). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:248 [ref. 31652], Paepke & Schindler 2013:261 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Apistogramma norberti Staeck 1991 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:59 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:614 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:131 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma norberti Staeck 1991. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Tahuayo River drainage, upper Amazon basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

nororientalis, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:124, Fig. 56 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río San Juan, morichal Los Pozos a 8 km de Barrancas, 9°54'10"N, 63°36'30"W, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 5876. Paratypes: MHNLS 4648 (1), 8132 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma nororientalis Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma nororientalis Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Gulf of Paria and Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

ornatipinnis, Apistogramma Ahl [E.] 1936:141 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1936 (nos 1-3); ref. 13681] Guyana. Holotype (unique): ZMB 21147. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:262 [ref. 32895]. •Synonym of Apistogramma steindachneri (Regan 1908) -- (Kullander & Nijssen 1989:75 [ref. 14136], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:60, 110 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:16 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma steindachneri (Regan 1908). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ortegai, Apistogramma Britzke [R.], Oliveira [C.] & Kullander [S. O.] 2014:410, Figs. 1-6 [Zootaxa 3869 (no. 4); ref. 33522] Departmento Loreto, Distrito Pebas, small stream tributary of Ampliyacu River, 3°18'46.1"S, 71°50'58.4"W, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 48898. Paratypes: LBP, NRM, MUSM. •Valid as Apistogramma ortegai Britzke, Oliveira & Kullander 2014 -- (Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:134 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma ortegai Britzke, Oliveira & Kullander 2014. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Ampliyacu River drainage, upper Amazon basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

ortmanni, Heterogramma Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:506, Pl. 68 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Erukin, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53801 [ex CM 2306]. Paratypes: (62) ANSP 39087 (1); BMNH 1911.10.31.29-31 (3); CAS 33723-24 [ex IU 12469-70] (1, 6), 36301 [ex IU 12471] (6); FMNH 7541 (2), 53802-05 (1, 1, 1, 6), 53844 (1), 53973 (10), 69531 (4); MCZ 29979 (3); USNM 66211 (2); ZMA 114895 (2); ZMB 18080 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:81 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:88 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:58 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367], Paepke & Schindler 2013:270 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Apistogramma ortmanni (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Kullander & Nijssen 1989:83 [ref. 14136], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:60 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:136 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[26] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma ortmanni (Eigenmann 1912). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Essequibo River and Corantijn River drainage: Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

panduro, Apistogramma Römer [U.] 1997:12, 4 figs. [Buntbarsche Bulletin No. 182; ref. 23264] East of Jenaro Herrera at kilometer markers 26-27, Rio Ucayali drainage system, Peru. Holotype: ZFMK 18610. Paratypes: SMF 28206-08 (6); ZFMK 18578-82 (4), 18609 (1), 18611-16 (6), 18620-21 (2). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:128 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma panduro Römer 1997 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:60 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:17 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2006:680 [ref. 28968], Römer et al. 2006:652 [ref. 28969], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:137 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma panduro Römer 1997. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Ucayali River drainage, upper Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

pantalone, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Römer [E.], Soares [D. P.] & Hahn [I.] 2006:640, many [Cichlid Atlas vol. 2; ref. 28969] Departmento Loreto, Province Maynas, District Santa Maria, in the vicinity of Alvarenga, small tributary of the Rio Nanay (about 74°25'40"W, 3°31'10"S), Peru. Holotype: MTD F 28795. Paratypes: CAS, MTD. •Valid as Apistogramma pantalone Römer, Römer, Soares & Hahn 2006 -- (Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Staeck 2017:138 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma pantalone Römer, Römer, Soares & Hahn 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Río Nanay drainage, upper Amazon basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

parva, Apistogramma Ahl [E.] 1931:210 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Rio Capim, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 23410. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:262 [ref. 32895]. •Synonym of Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner 1875) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:611 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:62 [ref. 27488] with uncertainty). •Nomen dubium -- (Paepke & Schindler 2013:262 [ref. 32895]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner 1875). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

paucisquamis, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] & Staeck [W.] 1988:190, Figs. 1-8 [Cybium v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 6866] Small shallow bay on the right bank of Rio Negro, Anavilhanas Islands, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 36952. Paratypes: MZUSP 28210 (57), uncat. (4); NRM 16668 (4), 16670-71 (5, 12), 40167-69 (1 ea. c&s); USNM 289281 (5); ZFMK 15496-15500 (5). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:128 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma paucisquamis Kullander & Staeck 1988 -- (Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:614 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:62 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:31 [ref. 34102], Staeck 2017:140 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma paucisquamis Kullander & Staeck 1988. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Middle and lower Negro River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

paulmuelleri, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Beninde [J.], Duponchelle [F.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Díaz [A. V.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2013:16, Figs. 1-13 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 32665] Stream, close to road from Iquitos to Nauta, Departamento Loreto, Peru, 4°24'S, 73°34'W. Holotype: MUSM 41805. Paratypes: Many at MTF, MUSM, CAS. •Valid as Apistogramma paulmuelleri Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Dávila, Díaz & Renno 2013 -- (Staeck 2017:142 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma paulmuelleri Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Dávila, Díaz, & Renno 2013. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: nameless tributary, 80 km south of Iquitos, upper Amazon basin (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

payaminonis, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1986:184, Fig. 64, Pl. 20 (figs. 1-2) [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] Río Tutapishcu headwater tributary, above Ahuanopaccha, Río Payamino drainage, Napo Province, Ecuador, 00°31.12'S, 77°20.42'W. Holotype: FMNH 96564. Paratypes: FMNH 105928 [ex FMNH 96564] (1), MCZ 40327 (15, missing). •Valid as Apistogramma payaminonis Kullander 1986 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:63 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:46 [ref. 27650], Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2006:680 [ref. 28968], Römer & Hahn 2008:60 [ref. 30725], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Römer et al. 2015:307, 329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:143 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma payaminonis Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Payamino River drainage, upper Amazon basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

pedunculata, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:131, Fig. 58 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río Cataniapo, salto Nievas, 5°38'17"N, 67°06'56"W, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 16719. Paratypes: MHNLS 4190 (1), 4643 (1), 13075 (1), 21928 (1), 26065 (1), 26066 (1), 26067 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma pedunculata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:145 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma pedunculata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Middle río Cataniapo and río Caura, Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

personata, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:111, Fig. 14 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Rio Uaupés, Assai, 0°02'N, 67°27'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 575. Paratypes: IRSNB 576 (22). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:29 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma personata Kullander 1980 -- (Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:64 [ref. 27488], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:147 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma personata Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Uaupés River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pertense, Heterogramma taeniatum var. Haseman [J. D.] 1911:359, Pl. 66 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] Manaus, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54171 [ex CM 2741]. Paratypes: CM 2742 (1, missing). Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apistogramma pertensis (Haseman 1911) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:64 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck 2017:148 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma pertensis (Haseman 1911). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Negro River and along the Amazon-Solimões River, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

piaroa, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:61, Fig. 28 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Río Cataniapo, Caño Gavilán, afluente del río Catanaipo margin izquierda, 5°32'29"N, 67°23'27'W, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 16715. Paratypes: MHNLS 14521 (1), 19497 (1), 26036 (1). Plus additional material. •Valid as Apistogramma piaroa Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Staeck 2017:150 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma piaroa Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

piauiensis, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:79, Fig. 11 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Lagoa Seca, about 1 kilometer from camp on Rio Parnaiba at Barra do Longa, near Buriti dos Lopes, Brazil, 3°08'S, 41°54'W. Holotype: MCZ 46831. Paratypes: MCZ 46830 (1), 52212 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma piauiensis Kullander 1980 -- (Hein et al. 2002:18 [ref. 26552], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:65 [ref. 27488], Schindler & Staeck 2013:305 [ref. 33110], Ramos et al. 2014:5 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:377 [ref. 35317], Staeck 2017:152 [ref. 35639], Koerber et al. 2022:70 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma piauiensis Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

playayacu, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Beninde [J.] & Hahn [I.] 2011:322, Figs. 1-3, 5 middle [Vertebrate Zoology v. 61 (no. 3); ref. 31674] Quebrada Playayacu, Quebrada entering Limoncocha, 2 km northeast of village along lake shore, 76°36'W, 00°22'S, rio Napo system, Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 101589. Paratypes: many at FMNH and MTD. Römer et al. 2011:322 [ref. 31674] •Valid as Apistogramma playayacu Römer, Beninde & Hahn 2011 -- (Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:176 [ref. 32902], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Staeck 2017:154 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma playayacu Römer, Beninde & Hahn 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Río Napo drainage, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

pleurotaenia, Heterogramma Regan [C. T.] 1909:270 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 3 (no. 15); ref. 14417] Río de La Plata, South America. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1909.2.25.61. •Valid as Apistogramma pleurotaenia (Regan 1909) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:66 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Staeck 2017:155 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma pleurotaenia (Regan 1909). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

psammophila, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] & Schindler [I.] 2019:104, Figs. 1-8 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 69 (no. 1); ref. 36531] Lower Rio Atabapo, close to the mouth of Caño Chamuchina, Guainía Department, Colombia, approximately 3°47'22"N, 67°38'12"W. Holotype: ICN-MHN 24052. Paratypes: MTD. •Valid as Apistogramma psammophila Staeck & Schindler 2019. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma psammophila Staeck & Schindler 2019. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Rio Atabapo, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

pulchra, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:135, Fig. 18 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Rio Preto, affluent of Rio Candeias, 25 kilometers from Porto-Velho, Rondonia Territory, Brazil, 8°46'S, 63°45'W. Holotype: IRSNB 584. Paratypes: IRSNB 585 (orig. 8, now 5), MZUSP [ex IRSNB 585] (3). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:29 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma pulchra Kullander 1980 -- (Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:67 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2017:156 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma pulchra Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Madeira River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

regani, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:65, Fig. 10 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Igarapé affluent of Rio Negro, Archipel das Anavilhanas, 3°00'S, 60°45'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 577. Paratypes: BMNH 1939.7.19.1 (1); IRSNB 578 (orig. 13, now 7), 579 (orig. 4, now 2), 580 (1); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 578] (6), MZUSP [ex IRSNB 579] (2); SMF 10620 (5). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:29-30 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma regani Kullander 1980 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:70 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:16 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2011:330 [ref. 31674], Römer et al. 2013:25 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:176 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:158 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma regani Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Negro River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

reitzigi, Apistogramma Ahl [E.] 1939:81 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 127 (pts 3-4); ref. 17179] Uncertain, probably Amazon region, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 23408. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:262 [ref. 32895]. Appeared first in Mitsch-Königsdörfer 1938:181 [ref. 27241] where Ahl is mentioned, but apparently Mitsch-Königsdörfer was the author and the description is independent of Ahl; see Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061]. •Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:21, 71 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:48 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

reitzigi, Apistogramma Mitsch-Königsdörfer [H.] (ex Ahl) 1938:181 [Das Aquarium, die Fachzeitschrift des Naturfreundes, Berlin v. 12 (no. 12); ref. 27241] Uncertain, probably central South America. Holotype (unique): ZMB 23408. Predates and is independent of Apistogramma reitzigi Ahl 1939; see Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:263 [ref. 32895]. •Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:48 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

resticulosa, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:158, Fig. 1 [Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam v. 7 (no. 16); ref. 8701] Igarapé Xicanga, about 5 kilometers west of Humaitá, 7°31'S, 63°04'W, Rio Madeira drainage system, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: ZMA 116177. Paratypes: NRM 11320 (1); ZMA 114270 (3), 114277 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:85 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Apistogramma resticulosa Kullander 1980 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:71 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck 2017:161 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma resticulosa Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Madeira River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

ritense, Heterogramma Haseman [J. D.] 1911:362, Pl. 70 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] Rio Santa Rita at Santa Rita, River Paraguay system, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54187 [ex CM 2765a]. Paratypes: FMNH 54188 [ex CM 2765 b-d] (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1998:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:21, 72 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:47 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rondoni, Heterogramma Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:16, Pl. 11 [Historia Natural. Zoologia. Cichlidae Publ. 46 (Annexo 5); ref. 3720] Cáceres, na Caicara (Campina), Río Paraguay, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 1247A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 1247 (5). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:397 [ref. 12732]. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:397 [ref. 12732] [but perhaps specimen not isolated]. •Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1998:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:21, 72 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:47 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

roraimae, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:138, Fig. 19 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Igarapé Uazinho, about 10 kilometers from Boa Vista on route Boa Vista, 2°49'N, 60°40'W, Caracarai, Rio Branco terr., Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 565. Paratypes: IRSNB 566 (orig. 1, now 0), 588 (orig. 2, now 0), 589 (1); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 566] (1), MZUSP [ex IRSNB 588] (2). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:30 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Apistogramma gibbiceps Meinken 1969 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:35, 72 [ref. 27488]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma gibbiceps Meinken 1969. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rositae, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Römer [E.] & Hahn [I.] 2006:664, many [Cichlid Atlas vol. 2; ref. 28968] Small forrest creek (igarapé) in the Rio Maranón-drainage between Nauta and Baranca, about opposite the mouth of the Rio Huallaga between the drainages of the Rio Pastaza and the Rio Tigre, Departamento Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 28799. Paratypes: CAS, MTD. •Valid as Apistogramma rositae Römer, Römer & Hahn 2006 -- (Römer et al. 2006:652 [ref. 28969], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:163 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma rositae Römer, Römer & Hahn 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon basin (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

rubrolineata, Apistogramma Hein [G.], Zarske [A.] & Zapata [J.] 2002:16, Figs. 3-5 [Das Aquarium, Monatsmagazin für Vivaristik v. 36 (no. 402); ref. 26552] Rio Manuripi, near Ortschaft Puerto Cardenas, 11°20.083'S, 67°44.576'W, Departamento Pando, Bolivia. Holotype: MTD F 26477. Paratypes: CIRA UTB 970 a-e (5), MTD F 26478-86 (9), NMW 94645-46 (2), ZFMK 31241-42 (2). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:28-29 [ref. 27474], Herder et al. 2010:129 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma rubrolineata Hein, Zarske & Zapata 2002 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:72 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2003:13 [ref. 28080], Römer 2006:688 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:331 [ref. 31674], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:165 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma rubrolineata Hein, Zarske & Zapata 2002. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Manuripi River drainage, upper Amazon basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

rupununi, Apistogramma ortmanni Fowler [H. W.] 1914:277, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Holotype: ANSP 39347. Paratypes: ANSP 39348 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:59 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apistogramma rupununi Fowler 1914 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:73 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:47 [ref. 27650], Römer 2006:706 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:167 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma rupununi Fowler 1914. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Branco and Rupununi River basins: Brazil and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

salpinction, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] & Ferreira [E. J. G.] 2005:367, Figs. 4-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 28385] Swamp at kilometer 70 on margin of BR-163, rio Trombetas drainage, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 24507. Paratypes: INPA 12649 (3), NRM 37027 (6). •Valid as Apistogramma salpinction Kullander & Ferreira 2005 -- (Römer et al. 2006:558 [ref. 28967], Römer 2006:710 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:169 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma salpinction Kullander & Ferreira 2005. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

similis, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 2003:76, Figs. [Cichliden-Lexikon Teil 3; ref. 27488] Forest brook at the Laguna La Brava, Rio Yata system, Beni, Bolivia. Holotype: MTD F 27038. Paratypes: MTD F 27034 (1), 27482-84 (3); NMW (2); ZFMK (2); ZMB 33940 (2). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:29 [ref. 27474], Herder et al. 2010:129 [ref. 31087], Paepke & Schindler 2013:263 [ref. 32895].. •Valid as Apistogramma similis Staeck 2003 -- (Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:718 [ref. 28970], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck 2017:170 [ref. 35639], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma similis Staeck 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Yata and Rio Beni drainages, upper Amazon basin (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

sororcula, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] & Schindler [I.] 2016:142, Figs. 1-3, 5-6 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 66 (no. 2); ref. 34777] Rio San Martin, approx. 5 km upstream of the village Bella Vista, Depto. Beni, Bolivia. Holotype: MTD F 33580. Paratypes: CIRA-UTB, MTD. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Apistogramma sororcula Staeck & Schindler 2016 -- (Staeck 2017:172 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma sororcula Staeck & Schindler 2016. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper and lower rio Guaporé drainage, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

staecki, Apistogramma Koslowski [I.] 1985:146, Fig. 1 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 36 (nos 1-2); ref. 8148] South of the town of Trinidad, Bolivia, about 14°57'S, 64°51'W. Holotype: ZFMK 13400. Paratypes: MZUSP 28725 (2); NRM 16792 (7); SMF 18855 (8); ZFMK 13401-04 (4), 13405-10 (6). Type catalog: Busse 1984:223 [ref. 28342], Herder et al. 2010:129 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma staecki Koslowski 1985 -- (Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:106 [ref. 27488], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck & Schindler 2016:142 [ref. 34777], Staeck 2017:195 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma staecki Koslowski 1985. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Mamoré and Guaporé River drainages, upper Amazon basin, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Heterogramma Regan [C. T.] 1908:370, Fig. on p. 371 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 14343] Georgetown, Demerara River, Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1909.4.30:31-32 (2). Type catalog: Kullander & Nijssen 1989:75 [ref. 14136]. •Valid as Apistogramma steindachneri (Regan 1908) -- (Kullander & Nijssen 1989:75 [ref. 14136], Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:107 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2006:762 [ref. 28966], Römer et al. 2011:330 [ref. 31674], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:198 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma steindachneri (Regan 1908). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Essequibo, Demerara, Mahaica and Suriname River drainages: Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

sweglesi, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1961:136, Fig. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 14 (no. 5); ref. 9365] Letitia, Peru [= Leticia, Colombia]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (1) whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Kullander 1986:194 [ref. 12439]. •Valid as Apistogramma sweglesi Meinken 1961 -- (Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Römer et al. 2003:27 [ref. 26768]). •Synonym of Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936 -- (Kullander 1986:191 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:20, 110 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:9 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

taeniatus, Mesops Günther [A.] 1862:312 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Rio Cupai [= Rio Cupari], Rio Tapajós basin, Amazon River drainage, Pará state, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1853.3.19.71. •Valid as Apistogramma taeniata (Günther 1862) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:110 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:200 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma taeniata (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Tapajós River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

trifasciatus, Biotodoma Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:536 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Chagalalina, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): ?CAS 36302 [ex IU 10065, not 10066]. •Valid as Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Römer & Warzel 1998:52 [ref. 23583], Britski et al. 1999:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27366], Staeck 2003:111 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:47 [ref. 27650], Römer et al. 2004:33 [ref. 34102], Staeck & Schindler 2008:204 [ref. 29916], Koerber 2011:9 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Staeck 2017:202 [ref. 35639], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:50 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Guaporé and Rio Beni, Amazon basin (Brazil and Bolivia); Rio Paraguay basin (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

tucurui, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 2003:112, Figs. [Cichliden-Lexikon Teil 3; ref. 27488] Brook, Rio Tocantins system, at highway 150, about 10 kilometers south of Jacunda, Para, Brazil. Holotype: MTD F 27046. Paratypes: MTD F 27047 (1), 27487-88 (2), NMW (2), ZFMK (2), ZMB 33939 (2). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:29 [ref. 27474], Herder et al. 2010:129 [ref. 31087]; Paepke & Schindler 2013:263 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Apistogramma tucurui Staeck 2003 -- (Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:724 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:331 [ref. 31674], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Staeck 2017:205 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma tucurui Staeck 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

uaupesi, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:122, Fig. 16 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Affluent of Rio Uaupés at Trovao, about 20 kilometers from mouth of Uaupés, 0°02'N, 67°26'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 594. Paratypes: IRSNB 595 (47). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:30 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Apistogramma uaupesi Kullander 1980 -- (Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Staeck 2003:113 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2017:207 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma uaupesi Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Uaupés River and nearby Negro River drainages, Orinoco and Amazon basins, Brazil, ? Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

urteagai, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1986:163, Figs. 51-53, Pl. 17 [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] Lago Tupac Amaru, near Puerto Maldonado, River Madre de Dios drainage, Depto. Madre de Dios, Peru. Holotype: NRM 16659 [orig. SOC/1983324.3930]. Paratypes: ANSP (1), CAS 54635-36 (9, 1), 57286 (10); NRM 16658 (13), 16660-61 (10, 7), 16876 (4); USNM 263873 (104), 264071 (4), 264074-75 (11, 6), 264079 (57), 264083 (5). •Valid as Apistogramma urteagai Kullander 1986 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:114 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:173 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Staeck 2017:210 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma urteagai Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Madre de Dios River basin, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

velifera, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 2003:116, Figs. [Cichliden-Lexikon Teil 3; ref. 27488] Rio Rueda, about 20 kilometers south of Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MTD F 27044. Paratypes: MTD F 27045 (1), 27489-90 (2); NMW (2). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:29 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Apistogramma velifera Staeck 2003 -- (Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:728 [ref. 28970], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:65 [ref. 31958], Staeck 2017:212 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma velifera Staeck 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

viejita, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1979:73, Fig. 3 [Zoologica Scripta v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 8816] Caño, affluent of Río Yucao, Meta, Colombia, 4°20'N, 72°09'W. Holotype: NRM 11231. Other specimens: NRM 11232 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma viejita Kullander 1979 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:117 [ref. 27488], Kullander 2004:46 [ref. 27650], Römer 2006:742 [ref. 28970], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:110 [ref. 31958], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], DoNascimiento 2016:536 [ref. 34727], Staeck 2017:214 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma viejita Kullander 1979. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

wapisana, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Hahn [I.] & Conrad [A.] 2006:750, many [Cichlid Atlas vol. 2; ref. 28966] Departamento Roraima, small forest stream (Igarapé), less than 1 km behind the bridge of the road running eastwards from Boa Vista, Brazil. Holotype: MHNG 2605.68. Paratypes: IRSNB, MHNG, SMF. •Valid as Apistogramma wapisana Römer, Hahn & Conrad 2006. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma wapisana Römer, Hahn & Conrad 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: North-west Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

wickleri, Apistogramma Meinken [H.] 1960:655, Figs. 1-4 [Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie v. 45 (no. 4); ref. 11933] Río Orinoco, Guiana. Holotype: ZMH H5682. Paratypes: (4) ZMH H5683 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:160 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Apistogramma steindachneri (Regan 1908) -- (Kullander & Nijssen 1989:75 [ref. 14136], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:615 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:110, 118 [ref. 27488]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma steindachneri (Regan 1908). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

wolli, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Soares [D. P.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Duponchelle [F.], Renno [J.-F.] & Hahn [I.] 2015:311, Figs. 7-18 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 65 (no. 3); ref. 34003] Departamento Loreto, Province Maynas, District Napo, wider vicinity of Cabo Pontoja, small forest stream feeding into the Rio Napo close to the border with Ecuador, Peru (about 75°12′W, 0°57′S). Holotype: MUSM 43068. Paratypes: MTD, MUSM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Apistogramma wolli Römer, Soares, Dávila, Duponchelle, Renno & Hahn 2015 -- (Staeck 2017:218 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma wolli Römer, Soares, Dávila, Duponchelle, Renno & Hahn 2015. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Cabo Pontoja region, upper Amazon basin (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.