rufa, Perca Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:351 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [Carolina, U.S.A.]. No types known. Based on Perca marina rufa of Catesby. •Valid as Holocentrus rufus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Woods 1955:104 [ref. 12538], Robins & Ray 1986:115 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1991:248 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:92 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:340 [ref. 23827], Tyler et al. 1993:1130 [ref. 21502], Kotlyar 1996:82 [ref. 23292], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:1019 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:48 [ref. 24221], Kotlyar 1998:205 [ref. 24674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:184 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:155 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:103 [ref. 26784], Greenfield 2003:1198 [ref. 27041], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:70 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:17 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:110 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:34 [ref. 33341], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:129 [ref. 37485], Robertson et al. 2016:144 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:74 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:189 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:97 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Holocentrus rufus (Walbaum 1792). Holocentridae: Holocentrinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Bahamas and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.