ductor, Gasterosteus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:295 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Pelagic, Ocean. Syntypes: NRM 45 (3). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:243-244 [ref. 20707]. See Opinion 1799. Based on Scomber ductor of Osbeck 1755 ('iter. 73) and Hasselquist 1757:366 [ref. 20181], plus syntypes in NRM collection. •Valid as Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:377 [ref. 7198], Kyushin et al. 1977:282 [ref. 19756], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:208 [ref. 9277], Dor 1984:129 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:153 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:832 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:162 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:653 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:378 [ref. 25518], Matarese et al. 1989:484 [ref. 26885], Paxton et al. 1989:581 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:164 [ref. 15987], Cervigón 1992:289 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:82 [ref. 24474], Baranes & Golani 1993:308 [ref. 22372], Kuiter 1993:171 [ref. 23929], Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Gomon et al. 1994:582 [ref. 22532], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Andrew et al. 1995:21 [ref. 38009], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:969 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:184 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:366 [ref. 24023], Santos et al. 1997:86 [ref. 23531], Carpenter et al. 1997:163 [ref. 23922], Arruda 1997:84 [ref. 24952], Randall et al. 1997:164 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:287 [ref. 24555], Lin & Shao 1999:62 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:253 [ref. 24106], Porteiro et al. 1999:42 [ref. 24203], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2727 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:241 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:792 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:85 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:417 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:792 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 605 [ref. 26218], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1450 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S7 [ref. 28536], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:309 [ref. 28072], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Golani 2005:40 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:118 [ref. 37547], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:287 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:370 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1161 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:92 [ref. 30517], Smith-Vaniz 2008:576 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Parin et al. 2014:362 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Psomadakis et al. 2015:226 [ref. 34104], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1254 [ref. 34200], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2492 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Kells et al. 2016:236 [ref. 35888], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:185 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Burton & Lea 2019:75 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Eagderi et al. 2019:51 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:147 [ref. 36673], Iglésias et al. 2019:281 [ref. 37098], Reiner 2019:197 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:61 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:429 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37637], Ali-Basha et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38554], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:50 [ref. 38303], Iglésias et al. 2021:176 [ref. 38818], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:154 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607], Smith-Vaniz 2022:55 [ref. 39876], Carvalho-Filho 2023:141 [ref. 40480], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:209 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Red Sea; Persian Gulf; South China Sea; East China Sea; Sea of Japan; Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.