carbonarium, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:176 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 10502 (3), USNM 76977 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:198 [ref. 22926]. •Valid as Haemulon carbonarium Poey 1860 -- (Courtenay 1961:97 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:178 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:332 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:195 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:263 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1537 [ref. 27094], Smith et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:371 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:54 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:569 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:167 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon carbonarium Poey 1860. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.), Bahamas and Yucatan (Mexico) south to Great Amazon Reef system (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.