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Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
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melanostigma, Epinephelus Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1953:348, Fig. 54 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1; ref. 3975] Reef off Swains Island, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 115375. Paratypes: BMNH 1962.12.12.52 [ex USNM 115385] (1); FMNH 62614 [ex USNM 148966] (2); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 18870 [ex USNM 148966] (2); USNM 115374 (4), 115376 (18, ? now 17), 115385 (6, now 5), 148965 (5), 148966 (18, now 14), 148967-68 (2, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:35 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz 1953 -- (Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:130 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Randall 1986:528 [ref. 5667], Paxton et al. 1989:496 [ref. 12442], Lee 1990:49 [ref. 19830], Randall & Heemstra 1991:202 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:189 [ref. 21042], Myers 1999:115 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:193 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2544 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:725 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:725 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Randall 2005:160 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1014 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:46 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:98 [ref. 31256], Craig et al. 2011:188 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:276 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:61 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:150 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Fricke et al. 2019:118 [ref. 36673], Parenti & Randall 2020:75 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Heemstra 2022:63 [ref. 39742], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:682 [ref. 40722], Tachibana & Endo 2023:22 [ref. 40968]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz 1953. Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique), Comoros, Madagascar, western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) and Chagos Archipelago east to Line Islands (Kiribati) and Cook Islands, north to Taiwan and southern Japan, south to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

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