heteresthes, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Tapajos, Brazil. Syntypes: (40) MCZ 89966 [ex MCZ 20862a] (34), USNM 120247 [ex MCZ 20862a] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206] as heretesthes, Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 43 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:56 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Planquette et al. 1996:244 [ref. 22818] as heterestes, Keith et al. 2000:13 [ref. 24547] as heterestes, Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:56 [ref. 28753], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192], Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.