niveatus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828:380 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 2; ref. 997] Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7318 to 0000-7319 (2, 2). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:32 [ref. 19232]. •Valid as Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:197 [ref. 9277], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:302 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:134 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:364 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:138 [ref. 14674], Bullock & Smith 1991:118 [ref. 36591], Cervigón 1991:334 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:107 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:429 [ref. 23827], Heemstra & Randall 1993:204 [ref. 21042], Grace et al. 1994:29 [ref. 25512], Aguilera 1998:48 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:210 [ref. 25013], Musick et al. 2000:16 [ref. 24959], Thomson et al. 2000:84 [ref. 25640], Heemstra et al. 2003:1347 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:128 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:74 [ref. 31601], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:150 [ref. 28815]). •Valid as Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes 1828) -- (Craig & Hastings 2007:17 [ref. 29046], Craig et al. 2011:280 [ref. 31786], Page et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:171 [ref. 32953], Pinheiro et al. 2015:14 [ref. 34324], Nión et al. 2016:46 [ref. 35565] as Hyportodus, Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36717], Klautau et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37903], Parenti & Randall 2020:86 [ref. 37354], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:522 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:118 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:56 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes 1828). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Uruguay, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.