panamensis, Serranus Steindachner [F.] 1876:551 [1], Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] (Pacific) Panama. Syntypes: (several) NMW 40730 (1). On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Epinephelus panamensis (Steindachner 1876) -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:53 [ref. 21042], Allen & Robertson 1994:109 [ref. 22193], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:285 [ref. 24545]). •Valid as Cephalopholis panamensis (Steindachner 1876) -- (Heemstra in Fischer et al. 1995:1580 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:334 [ref. 24023], Thomson et al. 2000:82 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:110 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Craig et al. 2011:45 [ref. 31786], Page et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:444 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:608 [ref. 34923], Ma & Craig 2018:454 [ref. 36100], González-Murcia et al. 2019:306 [ref. 36544], Parenti & Randall 2020:55 [ref. 37354], Love et al. 2021:145 [ref. 39279], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:308 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Cephalopholis panamensis (Steindachner 1876). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to northern Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.