newboldi, Ramirezella Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1949:[2], Fig. [Evencias No. 6; ref. 1319] Río Orinoco, Puerto Cedeño, Bolivar, Venezuela, 7°39'06"N, 66°10'34"W [Palital, Apure basin, Edo. Guárico, Venezuela]. Neotype: MZUSP 96431. On second unnumbered page. Neotype designated by Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020:34 [ref. 37778]. •Valid as Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernández-Yépez 1949) -- (Taphorn 1992:221 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773], Mathubara & Toledo-Piza 2020:30 [ref. 37778], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernández-Yépez 1949). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon and Orinoco River basins (regions Juruá, Ucayali, Marañon-Nanay, Napo-Ambyiacu, Putumayo, Japurá, Lower Orinoco, Upper Orinoco, Apure) (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.