batis, Raja Linnaeus [C.] 1758:231 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas [original: "in Oceano Europæo"]; localities include England, northeastern Atlantic; Lesbos Island, Greece, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Lectotype or neotype fixation needed. Originally based on multiple species and at least 22 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:73 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:102 [ref. 30349] as Raja varia, dorso medio glabro; Rondelet 1554:346 [ref. 30354] and Gesner 1558:932 [ref. 30350] as Raia vndulata siue cinerea, Jonston 1649:Pl. 9 (fig. 1) [ref. 30579] as Raia, Charleton 1668:130 [ref. 30580] as Raia undulata. Spelled batys in Risso 1810:3 [ref. 3755]. See Iglésias et al. 2010 [ref. 30586]. •Valid as Raja batis Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:14 [ref. 39336] with genus as Raia, Stehmann 1973:62 [ref. 7168], Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:175 [ref. 13675], Séret 1989:126 [ref. 12827], Stehmann 1990:31 [ref. 19316], Stehmann 1995:105 [ref. 22055], Santos et al. 1997:119 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:22 [ref. 24952]). •See Iglésias et al. 2010:333 [ref. 30586] for possible splitting of the species. •Valid as Dipturus batis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (McEachran & Dunn 1998:285 [ref. 23312], Compagno 1999:490 [ref. 25589], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:21 [ref. 26753], Fricke 2007:25 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:18 [ref. 29533], Fricke 2008:11 [ref. 30182], Jeong & Nakabo 2008:189 [ref. 29612], George 2009:56 [ref. 30539], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:13 [ref. 36649], Naylor et al. 2012:94 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Parin et al. 2014:35 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:69 [ref. 34524], Weigmann 2016:107 [ref. 34211] see remarks, Bañón et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34397], McEachran & Séret 2016:1396 [ref. 34551], Gordon et al. 2016:260 [ref. 34661], Last et al. 2016:20 [ref. 34941] used herein as D. cf. flossada, Last et al. 2016:244 [ref. 35000], Biscoito et al. 2018:486 [ref. 37562], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:139 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:43 [ref. 37250], Kovačić et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Bache-Jeffreys et al. 2021:[5] [ref. 38523], Kovačić et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:13 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:48 [ref. 39527] as cf. batis, Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410] as cf. batis, Garbett et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40442], Shakman et al. 2023:463 [ref. 40810]). Current status: Valid as Dipturus batis (Linnaeus 1758). Rajidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Norway south to Senegal, including Madeira and Canary Islands. Habitat: marine.
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