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ABBIATI, M., G. BUFFONI, G. DI COLA and G. SANTANGELO.--1991. Red coral population dynamics: stability analysis and numerical simulation of time evolution of perturbed states. Pp. 219-228 in Ravera (ed.) Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: Perturbation and recovery. Ellis Harwood Ltd.

ABBIATI, M., G. BUFFONI, G. CAFORIO, G. DI COLA and G. SANTANGELO.--1992. Harvesting, predation and competition effects on a red coral population. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 30:219-228, figs. 1-6.

ABBIATI, M., GIOVANNI SANTANGELO and SILVIA NOVELLI.--1993. Genetic variation within and between two Tyrrhenian populations of the Mediterranean alcyonarian Corallium rubrum. Marine Ecology Progress Series 95:245-250.

ABEL, D.J., W.T. WILLIAMS, P.W. SAMMARCO and J.S. BUNT.--1983. A new numerical model for coral distribution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 12(3):257-265.

ABEL, ERICH.--1962. Edelkorallen. Neptun 2 (3):65-66.

ABEL, ERICH.--1963. Klasse: Anthozoa (Blumen- oder Korallentiere). Pp. 152-168, pls. 46-51, color plate 2, in: Riedl, Rupert, Fauna und Flora der Adria. Pp. 1-640, pls. 1-221. Hamburg und Berlin: Verlag Paul Parey.

ACCORDI, G., F. CARBONE and R. MATTENCI.--1989. 'Alcyonarian spicu- lite' nei calcari recifali quaternari della costa Somala. Rend. Soc. Geol. Italia 12:17-20.

ACHITUV, YAIR, and YEHUDA BENAYAHU.--1990. Polyp dimorphism and func- tional, sequential hermaphroditism in the soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens (Octocorallia). Marine Ecology Progress Series 64:263- 269, figs. 1-5.

ACHITUV, YAIR, Y. BENAYAHU and J. HANANIA.--1992. Planulae brooding and acquisition of zooxanthellae in Xenia macrospiculata (Cnidar- ia: Octocorallia). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 46(3):301- 310, ill.

ACUNA, FABIAN H. and MAURICIO O. ZAMPONI.--1992. Pennatulacea (Cnidar- ia: Octocorallia) de la region subantarctica: nuevos taxa y regis- tros. Iheringia (Ser. Zool.) 73:47-53, figs. 1-10. [Establishes Pannatula argentina and Halipteris heptazooidea as new species and reports Pennatula inflata Kukenthal and Anthoptilum grandiflorum (Verrill). The photographs of the new spp. are so indistinct and the drawings so crude that no definite conclusions can be drawn. Pennatula argentina does not even remotely resemble Pennatula and clearly does not belong in that genus; the photograph of the colony suggests Anthoptilum. Halipteris heptazooidea is unrecog- nizable.]

ADAMS, ROGER OMAR.--1980. Investigations of color, morphology and development of the sea whip, Leptogorgia virgulata, (Lamarck) (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Gorgonacea). Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences. 87 pp.

AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER.--1888. Three cruises of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey steamer "Blake" in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Caribbean Sea, and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, from 1877 to 1880. Vol. 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 15:i-vi + 1- 220, figs. 195-545.

AHOND, ALAIN, B.F. BOWDEN, J.F. COLL, J.-D. FOURNERON and S.J. MITCHELL.--1979. Studies of Australian soft corals. XII. Further cembranolide diterpenes from Lobophytum crassospiculatum and a correction of a previous stereochemical assignment. Australian Journal of Chemistry 32:1273-1280.

AHOND, ALAIN, B.F. BOWDEN, J.F. COLL, J.-D. FOURNERON and S.J. MITCHELL.--1981. Studies of Australian soft corals. XXV. Several caryophyllene-based diterpenes from a Nephthea species. Australian Journal of Chemistry 34:2657-2664.

AHOND, ALAIN, A. CHIARONI, J.C. COLL, J.D. FOURNERON, C. RICHE, J.C. BRAEKMAN, D. DALOZE, B. TURSCH and P.J. DUNSTAN.--1979. Studies of Australian soft corals. XVII. The isolation and properties of lemnalactone, 7-epi-lemnalactone and their derivatives. A correc- tion of several literature assignments, supported by x-ray dif- fraction. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 88(5):313-?

AHOND, ALAIN, J.C. COLL and J.D. FOURNERON.--1979. Studies of Austra- lian soft corals. XIV. The structure of lemnalactone and 7-epi- lemnalactone, a reassessment. Tertrahedron Letters 21:1879-1880.

ALCOLADO, PEDRO M.--1981. Zonacion de los Gorgonaceos someros de Cuba y su posible uso como indicadores comparativos de tension Hidrodinamica sobre los Organismos del Bentos. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Informe Cientifico-Tecnico 187:1-84.

ALCOLADO, PEDRO M.--1984. Utilidad de algunos indices ecologicas estructurales en el estudio de comunidades marinas de Cuba. Acad. Ciencias Cuba. Ciencias Biologicas 11:61-77.

ALCOLADO, PEDRO M.--1985. Sinonimia de Plexaurella fusifera Kunze 1916 con P. dichotoma (Esper 1791) (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea). Poeyana 294:1-3, illustr.

ALCOLADO, PEDRO M, ANGELA CORVEA, and ALFREDO GONZALEZ.--1980. Varia- ciones morfologicas internas y externas de los abanicos de mar (Gorgonia spp.) y su valor adaptativo. Acad. Ciencias Cuba. Cien- cias Biologicas 5:47-56.

ALDER, JOSHUA.--1858. A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Trans. Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club 3:93-162, pls. 3-10.

ALDER, JOSHUA.--1862. Occurrence of a sea pen new to Britain (Virgu- laria christi, Kor. and Daniels.). Trans. Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club 5:60-61.

ALDER, JOSHUA.--1863. Supplement to a catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Trans. Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club 5:225-247, Pls. 8-11.

ALDER, JOSHUA.--1863. Report on the zoophytes. In: Mennen, H.T. (Ed.), Report of the dredging expedition to Dogger Bank and the coasts of Northumberland. Trans. Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club 5:288- 290.

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1983. Dampia pocilloporaeformis, a new genus and a new species of Octocorallia (Coelenterata) from Australia. The Beagle 1(4):33-40, figs 1-5.

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1985. Redescription of Acrophytum claviger (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). The Beagle 2(1):105-113.

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1986. An unusual leaf-like gorgonian (Coelentera- ta: Octocorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef. The Beagle 3(1): 81-93, figs. 1-12. [Describes Hicksonella expansa n. sp., and compares with H. princeps Nutting.]

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1986. New species of the gorgonian genus Plumi- gorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) with a review of the family Ifalukellidae. The Beagle 3(1):95-122, figs. 1-21. [Describes and illustrates Plumigorgia terminosclera, P. schuboti, n. spp. and compares with P. hydroides Nutting; diagnoses of Plumigorgia and Ifalukella; key to genera and species.]

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1987. A new species of Sinularia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Western Australia, with extraordinary massive sclerites. The Beagle 4(1):85-94, figs. 1-9. [Describes and illustrates Sinularia megasclera sp. nov.]

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1992. Mopsea Lamouroux, 1816 (Cnidaria, Antho- zoa): proposed designation of Isis encrinula Lamarck, 1815 as the type species. Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 49(2):104-108. [Decision rendered in Opinion 1738, Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 50(3):240-241 (1993).]

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP--1993. Subclass Alcyonaria Octocorals (Class Antho- zoa). Pp. 74-79, figs. 27-30 in: Mather, Patricia and Isobel Bennett (Eds.). A coral reef handbook: a guide to the geology, flora and fauna of the Great Barrier Reef. Third edition. Austra- lian Coral Reef Society Handbook No. 1. Pp. xvi + 264, 8 colored pls. Chipping Norton NSW: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Limited.

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1993. A redescription of Alcyonium agaricum Stimpson with a generic placement in Sarcophyton (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals & Octocoral Research 1:20-29, figs. 1-7, pl. 18.

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.--1994. A redescription of Anthomastus agilis Tixier-Durivault with generic placement in Sinularia (Coelentera- ta: Octocorallia), and some remarks on Sinularia ramosa Tixier- Durivault. The Beagle 11:133-139, ill. (November.)

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP.-- 2006. New subfamilies and a new genus and species of Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Alyconacea) with compartative data on the structure of both melithaeid and subergorgiid axes. Zootaxa 1199: 19-47.

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP and JODY BAXTER.--1987. A new species of Sinularia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 13(2):203-214, figs. 1-8. [Describes and illustrates Sinularia platysma, n. sp., from Rottnest Island.]

ALDERSLADE, PHILIP and PRITA SHIRWAIKER.--1991. A new species of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Laccadive Archipela- go. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 8(1):189-233, figs. 1-48.

ALDROVANDI, ULISSE.--1606. De reliquis animalibus exanguibus libri quatuor post mortem ejus editi: nempe de mollibus, crustaceis, testaceis, et zoophytis. [vii]+ 593 +[26] pp., portrait. Bononiae.

ALDROVANDI, ULISSE.--1648. Musaeum metallicum in libros IIII distribu- tum. Bartholomaeus Ambrosinus...composuit...Marcus Antonius Ber- nia...in lucem edidit... [6] + 979 + [3] pp. [Bononiae: Typis Jo. Baptistae Ferronii].

ALLEMAND, DENIS.--1993. The biology and skeletogenesis of the Mediter- ranean red coral, a review. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research 2:19-39, frontisp. 1; figs. 1-18. [Color photo of expanded polyps of Corallium rubrum.]

ALEXANDROWICZ, STEFAN W.--1977. Sclerites of octocorals from the Upper Cretaceous of eastern Poland. J. Paleontol. 51 (4):687-692.

ALINO, P.M., ET AL.--1989. Studies of the feeding preferences of Chaetodon melannotus (Pisces) for soft corals (Coelenterata; Octocorallia). Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 3:31-35.

ALINO, P.M. and J.C. COLL.--1989. Observations of the synchronized mass spawning and post settlement activity of octocorals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: biological aspects. Bulletin of Marine Science 45(3):697-707.

ALINO, P.M., P.W. SAMMARCO and J.C. COLL.--1992. Competitive strategies in soft corals (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). 4. Environmentally induced reversals in competitive superiority. Marine Ecol. Progress Series 81(2):129-145.

ALLEMAND, DENIS, J.P. CUIF, N. WATABE, M. OISHI and T. KAWAGUCHI.--1994. The organic matrix of skeletal structures of the Mediterranean red coral, Corallium rubrum. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco, Numero Special 14(1):129-139, ill.

ALLEMAND, DENIS and M.C. GRILLO.--1990. La biocalcification cez le corail rouge, Corallium rubrum. 2, Approches biochimique et physi- ologique. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit. 32:148.

ALLEMAND, DENIS and M.C. GRILLO.--1992. Biocalcification mechanism in gorgonians: 45Ca uptake and deposition by the Mediterranean red Coral Corallium rubrum. Journal of Experimental Zoology 262:237- 246.

ALMOURABIT, A., A. AHOND, A. CHIARONI, C. POUPAT, R.P. POTIER, P. LABOUTE and J.-L. MENOU.--1988. Invertebres marins du Lagon Neo- Caledonien 9. Havannachlorhydrines, nouveaux metabolites de Xenia membranacea: etude structurale et configuration absolue. . J. Natural Prod. (Lloydia) 51(2):282-292, ill.

ALONSO, C.--1979. Estudio morfologico y biometrico de las espiculas de Renilla muelleri Koelliker, 1872 (Anthozoa Pennatulacea). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 39(4):827-834, 6 figs., 3 tables.

ALTUNA PRADOS, A.--[1993]. Eunicella labiata Thomson, 1927 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), en las costas europeas. Thalassas 10:123-127, ill.

ANCTIL, M.--1987. Bioactivity of FMRFamide and related peptides on a contractile system of the coelenterate Renilla kollikeri. Journal comp. Physiol. (B)157(1):31-38, ill.

ANDERSON, D.G.--1985. Gorgosterol biosynthesis: localization of squa- lene formation in the zooxanthellar component of various gorgo- nians. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (B)81(2):423-428, illustr.

ANONYMOUS.--1865. Il corallo. Annuario Scientifico ed Industriale 1:163-165.

ANONYMOUS.--1865. Die Edelkoralle. Das Ausland for 1865, no. 1:20-22, 2 figs. (January 7.)

ANONYMOUS ("R.").--1868. Verbreitung der rothen Coralle im Mittelmeer. Zeitschr. Gesellsch. Erdkunde zu Berlin (3) 3:B3-B4.

ANONYMOUS.--1868. The coral fishery on the Italian coasts...Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 12 June 1868:552. (Extract in Bull. Soc. Imp. Acclimat. (2) 5 (7):532-533.)

ANONYMOUS.--1869. De la peche du corail. Bull. Soc. Imp. Acclimat. (2)6(1):10-19.

ANONYMOUS.--1870. Die Korallenfischerei im Mittellandischen Meere. Aus der Natur 53 (78):445-447.

ANONYMOUS.--1870. Mediterranische Korallenfischerei und Korallen- Industrie. Ausland 43:518-520.

ANONYMOUS.--1873. Ueber die Korallenfischerei an den Kusten Algeriens. Katalog d. Wiener Weltausstellung, Algerie Catalogue spec. Paris. 1873. (Extract in Lotos 24:1874.)

ANONYMOUS.--1875. Eine neue Korallenbank bei Sicilien. Globus 28 (10): 160.

ANONYMOUS.--1875. Korallen in Sizilien. Aus der Natur 66:

ANONYMOUS.--1876. Korallenfischerei in Italien. Zool. Garten 17:415.

ANONYMOUS (Sr.).--1884. Produktion der Korallen. Zool. Garten 25 (9): 288.

ANONYMOUS.--1885. Korallenfischerei im Meere von Sciacca. Zool. Garten 26:94.

ANONYMOUS.--1911. Ueber die japanische Koralle als Handelsartikel. Deutsch. Japan. Post, Yokohama.

ANONYMOUS.--1979. Animal life of the Great Barrier Reef. Wildlife Aust. 16(3):69-71.

ANONYMOUS.--1986. Of seawhip and sponges. New York Shell Club Notes. no. 301:13.

APOSTOLIDIS, N.--1907. Le corail grec. In: La Grece maritime. Exposi- tion maritime internationale de Bordeaux. Special edition du Ministere de la Marine. Athenes. Pp. 185-214.

ARNDT, W.--1912. Notiz uber Virgularia mirabilis. Zool. Anzeiger 40 (2/3):93- 94

ASBJ0RNSEN, P. CHR.--1856. Beskrivelse over Kophobelemnon mulleri, en ny Sofjaerslaegt. In: Sars, M., J. Koren and D.C. Danielssen (Eds.), Fauna Littoralis Norvegiae 2:81-85, pl. 10, figs. 1-S.

ASHWORTH, J.H.--1898. The stomodaeum, mesenterial filaments, and endoderm in Xenia. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 53:443-446.

ASHWORTH, J.H.--1899. The structure of Xenia hicksoni, nov. sp., with some observations on Heteroxenia elizabethae, Kolliker. Quarterly Journ. Microsc. Sci., (new series) 42 (3):245-304, pls. 23-27.

ASHWORTH, J.H.--1900. Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. Zoological Results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896 and 1897, by Arthur Willey part 4:509-530, pls. 52-53.

ATES, R.M.L.--1981. Doomansduim--Alcyonium digitatum (Linnaeus). Het Zee- Aquarium Jahrgang 31(4):9-11.

ATES, R.M.L.--[date?] Neteldieren (Cnidaria), Inleiding. Het Zeeaquar- ium Gids & Handboek De Dieren en Wieren 3(2):1-18. [Brief general account of Anthozoa on pp. 6-9 (in Dutch) with figures reproduced from Bayer & Owre, 1968.]

AUDOUIN, VICTOR.--1809 [1826]. Explication sommaire des planches dont les dessins ont ete fournis par M.J.C. Savigny, pour l'histoire naturelle de l'ouvrage. Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pend- ant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publie par les ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle 1. Zoophytes: pp. 213-214; Polypes: 225-244. [See Bulletin of Zoolog- ical Nomenclature 43(1):107- 111.]

AUDOUIN: SHERBORN, C.D.--1897. On the dates of the natural history portion of Savigny's 'Description de l'Egypte'. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1897:285-288.

AUDOUIN: TOLLITT, M.E.--1986. Dates and authorship of the text volumes of the Histoire Naturelle section of Savigny's Description de l'Egypte. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43(1):107-111.

AURIVILLIUS, MAGNUS.--1931. The Gorgonarians from Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and Bonin Islands 1914. Kungl. Svenska Vetens- kapsakad. Handlingar (3) 9 (4):1-337, figs. 1-65, pls. 1-6.

AVELINA MARY, S., S. VITALINA MARY, R. SAROJINI and R. NAGABHUSHA- NAM.--1994. Broad spectrum natural products from the Indian Ocean octocoral Euplexaura nuttingi. Pp. 241-249 in Thompson, M.F. et. al (Eds.): Recent developments in biofouling control. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, xiv + 450 pp.

B

BAKER, B.J., R.K. OKUDA, P.T.K. YU and P.J. SCHEUER.--1985. Punaglan- dins: halogenated antitumor eicosanoids from the octocoral Telesto riisei. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107:2976-2977.

BAKER, B.J. and P.J. SCHEUER.--1994. The punaglandins: 10-chloroprosa- noids from the octocoral Telesto riisei. Journal of Natural Pro- ducts (Lloydia) 57(10):1346-1353, ill.

BAKUS, G.J. and M. KAWAGUCHI.--1984. Toxins from marine organisms: studies on antifouling. Pp. 43-46 in Bolis, L., J. Zadunaisky and R. Gilles. Toxins, drugs, and pollutants in marine animals. Ber- lin: Springer-Verlag, xiii+193 pp. [Toxins of Lophogorgia chilen- sis, Muricea californica.]

BALSS, HEINRICH.--1909. Ueber Pennatuliden des Munchener Museum. Zool. Anzeiger 34:423-431.

BALSS, HEINRICH.--1910. Japanische Pennatuliden. In: Doflein, F. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandl. math.- phys. Klasse K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Suppl.-Bd. 1 (10):1-106, pls. 1-6.

BALUK, WACLAW and ANDRZEJ POSERA.--1984. A new species of sea pens, Graphularia transaedina sp. n., from the Korynica Clays (Middle Miocene; Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica 34(3-4):203-211, pls. 1-8.

BANDURRAGA, M.M. and W. FENICAL.--1985. Isolation of the muricins. Evidence of a chemical adaptation against fouling in the marine octocoral Muricea fruticosa (Gorgonacea). Tetrahedron 41:1057- 1067.

BANDURRAGA, M.M., W. FENICAL, S.F. DONOVAN and J. CLARDY.--1982. Peudopterolide, an irregular diterpenoid with unusual cytotoxic properties from the Caribbean sea whip Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Pallas) (Gorgonacea). J. Amer. Chem Soc. 104:6463-6465.

BARHAM, ERIC G. and ISSAAC E. DAVIES.--1968. Gorgonians and water motion studies in Gulf of California. Underwater Naturalist (Winter 1968) 5(3):24- 28, 42; figs. 1-4.

BARLETTA, G. and M. VIGHI.--1968. Richerche sul corallo rosso. V. Poriferi perforanti lo sclerasse di Corallium rubrum Lamarck. Rend. Sci. Inst. Lomb. (B)102:145-159.

BARNARD, J.LAURENS and J.D. THOMAS.--1983. A new species of Amphi- lochus from the gorgonian Pterogorgia anceps in the Caribbean Sea. Pp. 179-187 in: John, P.A. [Ed.]. Selected papers on Crustacea. Prof. (Dr.) N. Krishna Pillai felicitation volume. Trivandrum: Prof. N. Krishna Pillai Farewell Committee.

BARRELIER, JACQUES.--1714. Plantae per Galliam, Hispaniam et Italiam observatae, iconibus aeneis exhibitae a R.P. Jacobo Barreliero Parisino... opus posthumum. Accurante Antonio de Jussieu in lucem editum, & ad recentiorum normen digestum. Cui accessit ejusdem auctoris specimen de insectis quibusdam marinis, molli- bus, crustaceis is & testaceis. 5 lvs + xxvi + 140 pp. Pari- siis: apud S. Ganeau.

BASTER, JOB.--1759-1765. Natuurkundige Uitspanningen, behelzende eenige waarneemingen, over sommige Zee-Planten en Zee-Insecten, benevens derzelver Zaadhuisjes en Eijernesten. Vol. 1:1-173, pls. 1-16 (1759-61); vol. 2:1- 171, pls. 1-13 (1761-65). Te Haarlem: J. Bosch.

BATIE, R.E.--1972. Investigations concerning the taxonomic status of the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Cnidaria, Pennatulacea). North- west Science, 46(4):290-299, pls.1-3, 2 tables.

BAUHIN, JOHANN.--1650-51. Historia plantarvm universalis et absolv- tissima, cvm consensv et dissensv circa eas, auctoribus Ioh. Bavhino...et Ioh. Henr. Cherlero...quam recensuit et auxit Dominicvs Chabraevs... Juris vero publici fecit Franciscvs Lvd. a Graffenried... 3 vols. Ebrodvni.

BAUHIN, CASPAR.--1671. Prodromos theatri botanici in quo plantae supra sex centae ab ipso primum descriptae cum plurimis figuris proponuntur. Editio altera emendatior. Pp. 1-160 + [1-12]. Basileae: impensis Ioannis Regis.

BAUHIN, CASPAR.--1671. Pinax theatri botanici sive index in Theoph- rasti Dioscoridis Plinii et botanicorvm qui a seculo scripserunt opera plantarvm circiter sex millivm ab ipsis exhibitarvm nomina cum earundem synonymjs & differentijs methodice secundum genera & species proponens. Pp. [xix] + 518 + [1-22]. Basileae: Impensis Joannis Regis. (First ed: 1623.)

BAVASTRELLO, G., R. CATTANO-VIETTI and L. SENES.--Micro and macro differences in Mediterranean red coral colonies in and outside a cave. Boll. Mus. Inst. Biol. Univ. Genova 58-59:117-123, ill.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1949. The Alcyonaria of Bikini and other atolls in the Marshall group. Part 1: The Gorgonacea. Pacific Science 3 (3):195-210, pls. 1-4.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1949. Chalcogorgiinae, a new subfamily of Chrysogorgiidae (Coelenterata: Alcyonaria), and a description of Chalcogorgia pellucida, new genus and new species, from the Straits of Florida. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 39 (7):237- 240, 1 fig.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1950. A new precious coral from North Borneo. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 40 (2):59-61, 1 fig.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1950. A new species of the gorgonacean genus Ainigmaptilon Dean (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Journ. Washing- ton Acad. Sci. 40 (9):295-298, 2 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1951. Two new primnoid corals of the subfamily Calyptrophorinae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Journ. Washing- ton Acad. Sci. 41 (1):40-43, 2 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1951. A new Caribbean coral of the genus Chryso- gorgia. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 101:269-273, figs. 56-57, pl. 9. [No more than a synonym of C. desbonni Duch. & Mich.]

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1951. A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 41 (3):91-102, 14 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1952. A new Calyptrophora (Coelenterata: Octo- corallia) from the Philippine Islands. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 42 (3):82-84, 1 fig.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1952. Descriptions and redescriptions of the Hawaiian octocorals collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steam- er "Albatross." (1. Alcyonacea, Stolonifera and Telestacea.) Pacific Science 6 (2):126-136, 8 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1952. Two new species of Arthrogorgia (Gorgona- cea: Primnoidae) from the Aleutian Islands region. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65: 63-70, pls. 2-3.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1952. New western Atlantic records of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 42 (6):183-189, 1 fig.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1953. Zoogeography and evolution in the octocorallian family Gorgoniidae. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf and Carib. 3 (2):100-119, 5 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1954. Anthozoa: Alcyonaria. In: Galtsoff, P.S. (Ed.) Gulf of Mexico; its origin, waters, and marine life. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bull. 89:279-284.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1954. New names for two genera of Octocorallia. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 44 (9):296.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1955. Remarkably preserved fossil sea-pens and their Recent counterparts. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 45 (9): 294-300, 2 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1955. Contributions to the nomenclature, systematics, and morphology of the Octocorallia. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 105:207-220, pls. 1-8.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1956. Descriptions and redescriptions of the Hawaiian octocorals collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steam- er "Albatross" (2. Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia). Pacific Science 10 (1):67-95, 11 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1956. Octocorallia. Pp. 163-231, figs. 134-162. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part F. Coelenterata. xx + 498 pp., 358 figs. Lawrence, Kansas: Geolog- ical Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1957. Recent octocorals. [Annotated bibliography] in: Ladd, H.S. (Ed.), Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology. Geol. Soc. Amer. Memoir 67 (1):1105-1107.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--[1958.] Additional records of western Atlantic octocorals. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 47 (11):379-390, figs. 1-4.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--195B. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentales d'Amerique. Mem. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. Paris, nouvelle serie (A) 16 (2):41-56, pls. 1-6.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1958. Further remarks on the geographical distribution of Gorgoniidae. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 48 (12):394-396, figs. 1-7.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1959. A review of the gorgonacean genus Placo- gorgia Studer, with a description of Placogorgia tribuloides, a new species from the Straits of Florida. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 49(2):54-61, figs. 1-15.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1959. Octocorals from Surinam and the adjacent coasts of South America. Stud. Fauna Suriname and other Guianas 6:1-43, figs. 1-21.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1959. The alcyonarian and black corals (Antho- zoa: Octocorallia and Antipatharia) described and figured by G.E. Rumphius. Pp. 225-247, pls. 1-3 in: de Wit, H.C.D. (Ed.), Rumphius Memorial Volume. v + 462 pp., 26 pls. Baarn: Uitgeverij en Drukkerij Hollandia N.V.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Stud. Fauna Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 12:1-373, figs. 1-101, pls. 1-27.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1964. A new species of the octocorallian genus Paragorgia trawled in Florida waters by R.V. "Gerda." Zool. Mededelingen 39:56--532, figs. 1-3.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1964. The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Sclerax- onia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib. 14 figs. 1-7.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1974. Plexaura homomalla: brief historical background. In: Bayer, F.M. and A.J. Weinheimer (Eds.), Prosta- glandins from Plexaura homomalla: ecology, utilization and conservation of a major medical marine resource. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. 12:1-8, figs. 1-13.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1974. Studies on the anatomy and histology of Plexaura homomalla in Florida. In: Bayer, F.M. and A.J. Weinheimer (Eds.), Idem. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. 12:62-100, figs. 1-62.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1974. A new species of Trichogorgia and records of two other octocorals new to the Palau Islands. Micronesica 10(2):257-271, pls. 1-3.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1982. Some new and old species of the primnoid genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the related genus Fanellia gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95(1):116-160.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1981. Pseudoplumarella echidna, a new species of primnoid octocoral from Queensland (Coelenterata: Octocoral- lia). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(2):622-630.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1981. On some genera of stoloniferous octocor- als (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of new taxa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(3):878-901. (16 October.)

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclu- sive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(3):901-947, figs. 1-80. (16 October.)

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1982. International Octocoral Workshop.--Sum- mary of Activities. Bulletin of Marine Science 32(4):952-954.

BAYER, FREDERICK M.--1988. Mirostenella articulata, a remarkable new genus and species of primnoid octocoral with uncalcfified axial nodes. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 101(2):251-256, figs. 1-3. (23 August.)

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1989. A new isidid octocoral (Coelenterata:Gorgonacea) from the Galapagos Rift. Boletim de Zoologia, Univ. S|o Paulo, Brazil 10:197-208, fig. 1, pls. 1-3.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1990. A new isidid octocoral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of other new species from elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the Biologi- cal Society of Washington 103(1):205-228, figs. 1-14.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1990. The identity of Fannyella rossii J.E. Gray (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103(4):773-783, figs. 1-6.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1992. Thelogorgia, a new genus of gorgonacean octocorals, with descriptions of four new species from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science 49(1/2):506-537, figs. 1-23.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1992. The helioporacean octocoral Epiphaxum Recent and fossil. A monographic iconography. Studies in Tropical Oceanography 15:i-viii + 1-76, 62 figs.<>

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1993. Taxonomic status of the octocoral genus Bathyalcyon (Alcyoniidae: Anthomastinae), with descriptions of a new subspecies from the Gulf of Mexico and a new species of Anthomastus from Antarctic waters. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research [Tokyo] 1:3-13, pls. 1-9.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1993. Generic reassignment and affinities of Sympodium salomonense Thomson & Mackinnon (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals & Octocoral Research [Tokyo] 1:14-19, pls. 10-17.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1993. Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals & Octocoral Research [Tokyo] 2:1-40, figs. 1-3 [Fig. 1 (page 8) transposed with fig. 3 (page 18) of following paper].

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1993. A new scleraxonian octocoral (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) from Antarctic waters. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research [Tokyo] 2:11-18, figs. 1-3 [Fig. 3 (page 18) transposed with fig. 1 (page 8) of preceding title].

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1994. A new species of the gorgonacean genus Bebryce (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Papua-New Guinea. Bulletin of Marine Science 54(2):546-553, figs. 1-4.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1994. A new species of the gorgonacean genus Muricea (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Caribbean Sea. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research 3:23-27, pls.3-7.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1995. A new genus of alcyonacean coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Caribbean waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(2):592-596, figs. 1, 2.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1995. A new species of the gorgonacean genus Narella (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from Hawaiian waters. Proceed- ings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(1):147-152, figs. 1-3.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1995. Two new species of the alcyonacean genus Protodendron (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) from the Indian Ocean off Natal. Bulletin of Marine Science 57(2):301-312, figs. 1-8.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1996. New primnoid gorgonians (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Antarctic waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 58(2):511-530, figs. 1-16.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1996. The Antarctic genus Callozostron and its relationship to Primnoella (Octocorallia, Gorgonacea: Primnoidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109(1):150-203, 38 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1996. Three new species of precious coral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea, genus Corallium) from Pacific waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109(2):205- 228, figs. 1-19.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. 1996. A new species of Acanthogorgia (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from Aldabra Atoll. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research 4-5:1-16, 8 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and ELISABETH DEICHMANN.--1958. Two new plexaurid gorgonians from the Bahama Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib. 8(3):224-235, figs. 1-5.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and ELISABETH DEICHMANN.--1960. The Ellisellidae (Octocorallia) and their bearing on the zoogeography of the eastern Pacific. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 73:175-182, 2 figs.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and MANFRED GRASSHOFF. 1995. Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Ctenocella (Coelenterata: Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from deep reefs in the western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science 56(2)597-624, figs. 1-23.

BAYER, FREDERICK M and MANFRED GRASSHOFF. 1994. The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J.E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenber- giana biologica 74(1-2):21-45.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and MANFRED GRASSHOFF. In Press. Riisea and riisei (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): proposed conservation as the correct original spellings of generic and specific names based on the surname Riise by Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860. (Case 2940). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and MANFRED GRASSHOFF. In Press. Umbellula Cuvier, 1798: conservation of universally accepted spelling by ruling that Ombellula Cuvier, 1798, is deemed to be an incorrect original spelling. 19 Ms pp. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

BAYER, FREDERICK M., MANFRED GRASSHOFF and JAKOB VERSEVELDT.--1983. Illustrated trilingual glossary of morphological and anatomical terms applied to Octocorallia. Leiden, E.J. Brill/Dr. W. Back- huys. Pp. 1-75, incl. 20 pls.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and KATHERINE MARGARET MUZIK.--1976. New genera and species of the holaxonian family Chrysogorgiidae (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea). Zool. Mededelingen 50(5):65-90, figs. 1-10, pls 1-7.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and KATHERINE MARGARET MUZIK.--1976. A new solitary octocoral, Taiaroa tauhou gen. et sp. nov. (Coelentera- ta: Protoalcyonaria) from New Zealand. Journ. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 6 (4):499-515, figs. 1-10.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and KATHERINE MARGARET MUZIK.--1977. An Atlantic helioporan coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 90 (4):975- 984, figs. 1-6.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and DENNIS M. OPRESKO.--1991. Rediscovery of the enigmatic coelenterate Dendrobrachia, (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) with descriptions of two new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 115(1):1-19, figs. 1-13.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and JEFFREY STEFANI.--1987. Isididae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Nouvelle cle des genres de la famille. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (4)9(A)1:47-106, incl. pls. 1- 30. (18 Sept. 1987.)

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and JEFFREY STEFANI.--1987. New and previously known taxa of isidid octocorals (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea), partly from Antarctic waters, with descriptions of new taxa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 100(4):937-991, figs. 1-31.

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and JEFFREY STEFANI.--1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from New Caledonia, with a review of some other species from the western Pacific. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 101(2):257-279, figs. 1-14. (23 August.)

BAYER, FREDERICK M. and JEFFREY STEFANI.--[1988]. Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (4)10(A)3:449-476, pls. 1-42. (27 January 1989.)

BAYER, FREDERICK M. See also under Deichmann, E., Grigg, R., Opresko, D., and Verseveldt, J.

BEHETY GONZALES, PEDRO A.--1975. Nuevos reportes de gorgonaceos (Coelenterata) para Cuba. Acad. Ciencias Cuba. Serie Oceanologica 33:1-10.

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BELL, FRANCIS JEFFREY.--1888. Description of Xiphigorgia ridleyi. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 2:176-177, figs. A-B.

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BENAYAHU, YEHUDA.--1982. A new species of Metalcyonium (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) from the Red Sea. Zoologische Mededelingen 56(16):197-201, fig. 1, pls. 1-4.

BENAYAHU, YEHUDA.--1983. Surface brooding in the Red Sea soft coral Parerythropodium filvum fulvum (Forskal, 1775). Biological Bulletin 165(2):353-369.

BENAYAHU, YEHUDA.--1985. Faunistic composition and patterns in the distribution of soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) along the coral reefs of the Sinai Peninsula. Proc. 5th int. Coral Reef Congress 6:255-260.

BENAYAHU, Y.--1987. Reproduction and external brooding in the octocoral Clavularia hamra Gohar. In: 22nd European Mar. Biol. Symp. Abstracts (1987).

BENAYAHU, YEHUDA.--1989. Reproductive cycle and developmental processes during embryogenesis of Clavularia hamra (Cnidaria, Octocorallia). Acta Zool. 70:29-36.

BENAYAHU, Y.--1990. Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea, with the description of a new species. Zoologische Medede- lingen 64(9):113-120, figs. 1-3.

BENAYAHU, Y.--1991. Reproduction and developmental pathways of Red Sea Xeniidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). Hydrobiologia 216:125-130.

BENAYAHU, Y.--1993. Alcyonacea from Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. (Durban) Investigational Rept. 67:3-16, illustr.

BENAYAHU, Y.--1995. Species composition of soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) on the coral reefs of Sesoko Island, Ryukyu Archipela- go, Japan. Galaxea 12:103-124, figs. 1-10, pls. 1, 2.

BENAYAHU, Y.--1995. Corals of the south-west Indian Ocean. II. Eleutherobia aurea spec. nov. (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) from deep reefs on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa. Oceanogr. Research Inst. (Durban), Investigational Report 68:1-12, frontisp., figs. 1-7.

BENAYAHU, Y., Y. ACHITUV and T. BERNER.--1988. Embryogenesis and acquisition of algal symbionts by planulae of Xenia umbellata (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). Marine Biology 100:93-101.

BENAYAHU, Y., T. BERNER and Y. ACHITUV.--1989. Development of planu- lae within a mesogleal coat in the soft coral Heteroxenia fus- cescens. Marine Biology 100:203-210, figs. 1-22.

BENAYAHU, Y. and Y. LOYA.--1977. Space partitioning by stony corals, soft corals and benthic Algae . . . Heloglander wiss. Meeresun- ters. 30:362-382.

BENAYAHU, Y. and Y. LOYA.--1983. Surface brooding the Red Sea soft coral Parerythropodium fulvum fulvum (Forskal, 1775). Biol Bull. 165:353-369.

BENAYAHU, Y and Y. LOYA.--1984. Life history studies on the Red Sea soft Coral Xenia macrospiculata Gohar, 1940. I. Annual dynamics of gonadal development. Biol. Bull. 166:32-43.

BENAYAHU, Y and Y. LOYA.--1984. Life history studies on the Red Sea soft coral Xenia macrospiculata Gohar, 1940. II. Planulae shed- ding and postlarval development. Biol. Bull. 166:44-53.

BENAYAHU, Y. and Y. LOYA.--1984. Substratum preferences and planulae settling of two Red Sea Alcyonaceansn: Xenia macrospiculata Gohar and Parerythropodium fulvum fulvum (Forskal). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., Vol. 83 pp. 249-261.

BENAYAHU, Y. and Y. LOYA.--1985. Settlement and recruitment of a soft coral. Why is Xenia macrospiculata a successful colonizer? Bulle- tin of Marine Science, 36(1):177-188.

BENAYAHU, Y. and Y. LOYA.--1986. Sexual reproduction of a soft coral: synchronous and brief annual spawning of Sarcophyton glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard 1833). Biological Bulletin Woods Hole 170(1):32-42, ill.

BENAYAHU, Y. and Y. LOYA.--1987. Long-term recruitment of soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on artificial substrata at Eilat (Red Sea). Marine Ecology Progress Series 38(2):161-167, ill.

BENAYAHU, YEHUDA and M.H. SCHLEYER.--1995. Corals of the south-west Indian Ocean 2. Eleutherobia aurea spec. nov. (Cnidaria, Alcyona- cea) from deep reefs on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa. South African Assoc. Marine Biol. Res., Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report 68:1-12, color frontisp., figs. 1-7.

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BENAYAHU, Y., D. WEIL and Z. MALIK.--1992. Entry of algal symbionts into oocytes of the coral Litophyton arboreum. Tissue and Cell 24(4):473-482, 12 figs.

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BENGTSON, STEFAN.--1981. A soft coral in the Silurian of Gotland. Fauna Flora Stockholm 76(1):37-42.

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BIRKELAND, CHARLES.--1974. Interactions between a sea pen and seven of its predators. Ecol. Monographs 44 (2):211-232, 10 figs., 6 tables.

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