ARCHIVED October 2003

Originally posted August 2001.

CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MYANMAR

This checklist was originally created by George Zug and has been updated by George Zug, Joe Slowinski, and Guin Wogan. In coming months, we will add a list for caecilians. This list is preliminary; we anticipate the addition of many new species, both species new to science and species new for Myanmar. The list is copyrighted by Zug, Slowinski, and Wogan.

Anura [80 spp.]

Bufonidae [6 spp.]

Bufo asper
Bufo macrotis
Bufo melanostictus
Bufo parvus
Bufo stuarti
Torrentophryne burmana

Hylidae [1 sp.]

Hyla annectans

Megophryidae [10 spp.]

Brachytarsophrys carinensis
Brachytarsophrys feae
Leptobrachium chapaense
Leptobrachium hasseltii
Leptobrabrachium pullum
Leptobrachium smithii
Leptolalax pelodytoides
Scutiger adungensis
Xenophrys lateralis
Xenophrys parva

Microhylidae [11 spp.]

Calluella guttulata
Glyphoglossus molossus
Kalophrynus interlineatus
Kalophrynus pleurostigma
Kaloula pulchra
Microhyla berdmorei
Microhyla butleri
Microhyla heymonsi
Microhyla inornata
Microhyla ornata
Microhyla rubra

Ranidae [33 spp.]

Amolops gerbillus
Amolops kaulbacki
Amolops longimanus
Amolops marmoratus
Occidozyga lima
Rana¹ alticola
Rana andersonii
Rana arnoldi
Rana blythii
Rana cubitalis
Rana doriae
Rana erythraea
Rana feae
Rana hascheana
Rana humeralis
Rana kuhlii
Rana laticeps
Rana lateralis
Rana leptoglossa
Rana limborgi
Rana limnocharis
Rana livida
Rana macrodactyla
Rana macrodon
Rana macrognathus
Rana margariana
Rana nigrovittata
Rana oatesii
Rana rugulosa
Rana tenasserimensis
Rana tigerina
Rana yunnanensis
Tomopterna breviceps

Rhacophoridae [19 spp.]

Chirixalus doriae
Chirixalus nongkhorensis
Chirixalus vittatus
Philautus andersoni
Philautus carinensis
Philautus parvulus
Philautus tytthus
Polypedates dennysii
Polypedates feae
Polypedates leucomystax
Polypedates megacephalus
Polypedates mutus
Polypedates naso
Rhacophorus appendiculatus
Rhacophorus bipunctatus
Rhacophorus taroensis
Rhacophorus turpes
Theloderma asperum
Theloderma phrynoderma

Caudata

Salamandridae [1 sp.]

Tylototriton verrucosus
 

NOTES
1. Dubois has recommended a number of subgenera for Asian Rana. There has been a recent trend to elevate these subgenera to full generic status. We resist this trend because the monophyly of the subgeneric groups has not been demonstrated and most of these groups are characterized inadequately.
Construction and correction of this list has relied heavily on Darrel R. Frost's Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference (2000 and 2001 editions).
 
 

Testudines [30 spp.]

Bataguridae [12 spp.]

Batagur baska
Cuora amboinensis
Cyclemys oldhamii
Heosemys depressa
Heosemys grandis
Heosemys spinosa ¹
Kachuga trivittata
Mauremys pritchardi ²
Melanochelys trijuga
Morenia ocellata
Pyxidea mouhotii
Siebenrockiella crassicollis

Cheloniidae [4 spp.]

Caretta caretta
Chelonia mydas
Eretmochelys imbricata
Lepidochelys olivacea

Chelydridae
Platysterninae [1 sp.]

Platysternon megacephalum

Emydidae [1 sp.]

Trachemys scripta elegans (N. Amer. exotic)

Testudinidae [5 spp.]

Geochelone elegans ³
Geochelone platynota
Indotestudo elongata
Manouria emys
Manouria impressa

Trionychidae
Cyclanorbinae [2 spp.]

Lissemys punctata
Lissemys scutata

Trionychinae [5 spp.]

Amyda cartilaginea
Chitra indica
Dogania subplana
Nilssonia formosa
Pelochelys cantorii

NOTES
This turtle list derives from literature records without a personal examination and confirmation of voucher specimens and specimen records. The initial list <for a Myanmar Division of Nature and Wildlife Conservation training program, June 1997> was produced from John IversonÕs records (1993: Revised Checklist and Maps of the Turtles of the World). The present list depends heavily on the P. P. van DijkÕs reports (1993, 1994: The Turtle Recovery Program), which include his personal observations in central Myanmar and his examination of museum voucher specimens. Current revision follows van Dijk (2000).
^1. Early authors report from Bago and Tenasserim; latter locality vouchered by a BMNH specimen (fide P.P. van Dijk, ltr. Jan. 1999).
^2. A newly described species (McCord, 1998) based on specimens of unconfirmed provenance. This taxon is potentially invalid because the type series may be hybrid produced by captive propogation (Aoki, in Fritz & Obst, 1999).
^3. Reports may represent misidentified Geochelone platynota (van Dijk, 1993).

Crocodilia [3 spp.]

Crocodylidae [2 spp.]

Crocodylus palustris 1
Crocodylus porosus

Gavialidae [1 sp.]

Gavialis gangeticus 2

NOTES
1. Record of Crocodylus palustris traces to Theobald, but no specimen is available to confirm the specific identity (palustris vs siamensis) (fide P.P. van Dijk, ltr. Jan. 1999). This species is presumably now extinct in Myanmar.
2. Presumably now extinct in Myanmar.

Sauria [65 spp.]

NOTES
This list is a literature compilation based on taxa listed for Myanmar and taxa reported to occur in habitats shared with the bordering countries of Bangladesh, India, China, or Thailand.
^1. Muster (1983) recognized three subspecies of D. branfordii, two (blanfordii, norvillii) of which occur in Myanmar. He notes that there are a number of differences between representatives of these two taxa, but the similarities were sufficient to consider them the same species until the samples were larger and included the type specimens. D. b. blanfordii seemingly occurs broadly from north-central Myanmar southward through Taninthary (peninsular) Myanmar.
2. D. m. maculatus according to Muster (1983).
3. Record from Watkins-Colwell (unpublished data, 1994).
4. For nomenclatural simplicity, we follow KlugeÕs (1983) recommendation of Cyrtodactylus.
5. A peninsular Thailand and Malaysia species, not as yet confirmed for Taninthary (Tenasserim) Myanmar.
6. Record from Manthey and Grossman (1997).
7. Three morphotypes of Takydromus potentially occur in Myanmar; they are recognized most recently as subspecies of Takydromus sexlineatus. Because there are no recent analyses of populations of Takydromus, our preference is to follow the recommendations of Boulenger (1921). T. ocellatus is a junior synonym of T. sexlineatus. The Assam T. khasiensis is not vouchered yet in Burma by specimens.
8. The Mabuya lists derives in part from an unpublished checklist (Crombie, 1994 manuscript).
9. A peninsular Thailand species as yet unconfirmed for Taninthary Myanmar.
^10. V. bengalensis commonly is listed with two subspecies: V. b. bengalensis and V. b. nebulosa. Both subspecies reportedly occur in Myanmar, the South Asia bengalensis in northern and central Myanmar and the Southeast Asian nebulosa in peninsular Myanmar.
Auffenber (1994) considered Varanus irriwadicus Simin, 1987 a synonym of V. b. bengalensis.
^11. Bennett (1997) observed that no published or specimen records confirm the occurrence of V. flavescens in Myanmar.

Serpentes [150 spp.]

Acrochordidae [1 sp.]

Acrochordus granulatus

Boodontidae [2 spp.]

Psammodynastes pulverulentus
Psammophis condanarus

Calamariidae [1 sp.]

Calamaria pavamentata

Colubridae [57 spp.]

Ahaetulla fronticinctus
Ahaetulla nasutus
Ahaetulla prasinus
Boiga cyanea
Boiga cynodon
Boiga multimaculata
Boiga ochracea
Boiga quincunciata
Chrysopelea ornata
Chrysopelea paradisi
Chrysopelea pelias
Dendrelaphis caudolineatus
Dendrelaphis cyanochloris
Dendrelaphis gorei
Dendrelaphis pictus
Dendrelaphis subocularis
Dendrelaphis tristis
Dinodon flavozonatus
Dinodon septentrionalis
Dryocalamus davisoni
Dryocalamus gracilis
Elaphe cantoris
Elaphe flavolineata
Elaphe leonardi
Elaphe mandarina
Elaphe porphyracea
Elaphe radiata
Elaphe taeniura
Entechinus hamptoni
Entechinus doriae
Gongylosoma scriptus
Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Gonyosoma prasina
Liopeltis frenatus
Liopeltis stoliczkai
Lycodon aulicus
Lycodon fasciatus
Lycodon kundui
Oligodon albocinctus
Oligodon catenata
Oligodon cinereus
Oligodon cruentatus
Oligodon cyclurus
Oligodon dorsalis
Oligodon hamptoni
Oligodon planiceps
Oligodon quadrilineatus
Oligodon mcdougalli
Oligodon splendida
Oligodon theobaldi
Oligodon torquatus
Ptyas korros
Ptyas mucosus
Sibynophis bistrigatus
Sibynophis collaris
Zaocys carinatus
Zaocys nigromarginatus

Cylindrophiidae [1 sp.]

Cylindrophis ruffus

Elapidae [26 spp.]
Elapinae [11 spp.]

Bungarus bungaroides
Bungarus flaviceps
Bungarus fasciatus
Bungarus multicinctus
Bungarus magnimaculatus
Calliophis maculiceps
Maticora bivirgata
Naja kaouthia
Naja mandalayensis
Ophiophagus hannah
Sinomicrurus macclellandi

Elapidae
Hydrophiinae [15 spp.]

Enhydrina schistosa
Hydrophis caerulescens
Hydrophis fasciatus
Hydrophis gracilis
Hydrophis nigrocinctus
Hydrophis obscurus
Hydrophis ornatus
Hydrophis spiralis
Hydrophis stricticollis
Kerilia jerdoni
Lapemis curtus
Lapemis viperina
Laticauda colubrina
Laticauda laticaudata
Pelamis platurus

Homalopsidae [10 spp.]

Bitia hydroides
Cantoria violacea
Cerberus rhynchops
Enhydris enhydris
Enhydris maculosa
Enhydris plumbea
Enhydris sieboldi
Fordonia leucobalia
Gerarda prevostiana
Homalopsis buccata

Natricidae [23 spp.]

Amphiesma bitaeniata
Amphiesma khasiensis
Amphiesma modesta
Amphiesma parallela
Amphiesma venningi
Amphiesma stolata
Amphiesma xenura
Blythia reticulata
Macropisthodon plumbicolor
Plagiopholis blakewayi
Plagiopholis nuchalis
Rhabdophis chrysarga
Rhabdophis himalayana
Rhabdophis nigrocincta
Rhabdophis nuchalis
Rhabdophis subminiata
Rhabdops bicolor
Sinonatrix bellula
Sinonatrix percarinata
Sinonatrix trianguligera
Xenochrophis flavipunctata
Xenochrophis punctulata
Xenochrophis piscator

Pareatidae [5 spp.]

Aplopeltura boa
Pareas carinatus
Pareas hamptoni
Pareas macularius
Pareas margaritophorus

Pseudoxendontidae [1 sp.]

Pseudoxenodon macrops

Pythonidae [2 spp.]

Python molurus
Python reticulatus

Typhlopidae [7 spp.]

Ramphotyphlops albiceps
Ramphotyphlops braminus
Typhlops oatesi
Typhlops diardi
Typhlops jerdoni
Typhlops porrectus
Typhlops venningi

Viperidae [12 spp.]
Azemiopinae [1 sp.]

Azemiops feae

Viperidae
Crotalinae [10 spp.]

Trimeresurus albolabris
Trimeresurus erythrurus
Trimeresurus jerdoni
Trimeresurus kaulbacki
Trimeresurus medoensis
Trimeresurus monticola
Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus
Trimeresurus popeorum
Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus
Trimeresurus stejnegeri

Viperidae
Viperinae [1 sp.]

Daboia russelii

Xenodermatidae [1 sp.]

Xenodermus javanicus

Xenopeltidae [1 sp.]

Xenopeltis unicolor

NOTES
This checklist of snakes is based on Dowling and Jenner (1988. SHIS no. 76), with modifications and additions by Slowinski.