|
|
1 November
2000
A
CATALOG OF SPHECIDAE OF MADAGASCAR
compiled by
Wojciech
J. Pulawski
California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94 118,
USA
phone:
(415) 750-7236; fax: (415) 750-7228; e-mail: wpulawski@calacademy.org
This catalog is
meant to include a complete list of Sphecidae known to occur in Madagascar,
with complete bibliographic references pertaining to each. Genera and
species are listed alphabetically. Data include a reference to the original
descriptions, status of the type specimen, the type locality and type
depository (in parentheses), as well al all subsequent references and
synonyms. Full bibliographic citations can be found at www.calacademy.org
(under Academy Research/Entomology/Bibliography of Sphecidae). Institutions
where type specimens are deposited are abbreviated as follows:
BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, formerly British Museum (Natural History), Great Britain;
CAS: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA;
DEI: Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, Germany
FSAG: Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Belgium;
Genova: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale »Giacomo Doria«, Genova, Italy;|
Kraków: Instytut Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierzat, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków, Poland;
MHNB: Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Bâle, Bâle (= Basel), Switzerland
MHNG: Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève, Switzerland;
MNHN: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France;
MRAC: Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium;
Napoli: Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria;
NRS: Naturhistoriska Ricksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden;
OXUM: Oxford University Museum, Hope Department of Entomology, Oxford, Great Britain;
SAM: South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa;
TMP: Northern Flagship Institution Natural History Museum, formerly Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa;
Torino: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy;
UK: The University of Kansas, Department of Entomology, Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA;
USNM: United States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.;
ZIN: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia;
ZMHU: Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany;
ZMK: Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
As discussed by
Arnold (1945:188), the following species recorded from Madagascar by
de Saussure (1892) actually do not occur there:
Ammophila
laevigata
F. Smith,
Bembix
olivacea
Fabricius,
Chlorion
lobatum
(Fabricius),
Chlorion
splendidum
Fabricius
(as Chlorion
forficula de Saussure),
Parapsammophila erythrocephala (Fabricius), Sphex sericeus (Fabricius)
(as aurulentus
Fabricius),
Stizus
ruficornis
Fabricius,
and Bembecinus
tridentatus
(Fabricius).
The occurrence of
Chalybion
spinolae
(Lepeletier
de Saint Fargeau), also listed by Saussure, was not confirmed by subsequent
authors.
LIST
OF GENERA AND SPECIES
ALYSSON
Alysson
Panzer, 1806:169. Type species: Pompilus spinosus Panzer, 1801,
designated by Morice and Durrant, 1915:406.
Alyson
Jurine, 1807:195. Type species: Pompilus spinosus Panzer, 1801,
by monotypy.
madecassus
Arnold
Alysson
madecassus Arnold, 1945:50, 
. Holotype: , Madagascar: Behara (MNHH). – Leclercq,
1960a:100 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:458 (listed).
seyrigi
Arnold
Alysson
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:49,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype:  , Madagascar: Perinet
(MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:458 (listed).
AMMATOMUS
Ammatomus
A. Costa, 1859:36. Type species: Gorytes coarctatus Spinola,
1808, by monotypy.
biguttatus
Arnold
Ammatomus
biguttatus Arnold, 1945:62, ,
 .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Behara, Bekily, Ivondro (MNHN).
– Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513
(listed); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist
of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
fallax
Arnold
Ammatomus
fallax Arnold, 1945:61,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).
madecassus
(von Schulthess)
Gorytes
madecassus von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar:
Diego Suarez). Nomen nudum.
Gorytes
madescassus von Schulthess, 1918:99, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Diego Suarez (depository?).
- As Ammatomus madescassus: Arnold, 1945:64 (new combination,
Madagascar; redescription); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed);
Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar, Comoro Islands; prey: Flatidae, Cixiidae);
Madl, 1997:822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
rubicundus
Arnold
Ammatomus
rubicundus Arnold, 1945:65,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).
seyrigi
Arnold
Ammatomus
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:59, ,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed);
Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).
AMMOPHILA
Ammophila
W. Kirby, 1798:199. Type species: Sphex sabulosus Linnaeus, 1758,
designated by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1946:571
(Opinion 180).
Ammophylus
Latreille, 1802b:332. Lapsus or emendation of Ammophila W. Kirby,
1798.
Miscus
Jurine, 1807:130, no included species. Type species: Miscus campestris
(Latreille, 1809) [=Ammophila campestris Latreille, 1809], designataed
by Shuckard, 1837:79 (one of the two species first included in Miscus
by Latreille, 1809:54).
Ammophilus
Latreille, 1829:322. Lapsus or emendation of Ammophila W. Kirby,
1798.
Coloptera
Latreille, 1845:387. Type species: Coloptera barbara Lepeletier,
1845, by monotypy.
Argyrammophila
Gussakovskij, 1928a:7. Type species: Ammophila induta Kohl, 1901,
by original designation.
Apycnemia
Leclercq, 1961c:211. Type species: Ammophila fallax Kohl, 1884
[= Ammophila hungarica Mocsáry, 1883], by original designation.
beniniensis
imerinae de Saussure
Ammophila
imerinae de Saussure, 1892:435, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Imerina, Antananarivo,
Anosibé (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:87 (as junior synonym of Sphex
beninensis, Madagascar). – As Ammophila lugubris
var. imerinae: Kohl, 1909:371 (new status; Comoro Islands,
Madagascar, Europa Island in Mozambique Channel). – As Ammophila
beninensis imerinae: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:151 (new status,
listed).
As
Ammophila rubiginosa: de Saussure, 1892:435 (Madagascar), corrected
to Sphex beninensis by Arnold, 1945:87; von Schulthess in
Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Diego Suarez), present correction.
AMMOPLANUS
Ammoplanus
Giraud, 1869:469. Type species: Ammoplanus perrisi Giraud, 1869
[? = Ammoplanus wesmaeli Giraud, 1869], designated by Pate, 1937c:7.
Hoplocrabron
De Stefani Perez, 1887:60. Type species: Hoplocrabron marathroicus
De-Stefani, 1887, by monotypy.
Ammoplanellus
Gussakovskij, 1931b:442 (as subgenus of Ammoplanus). Type species:
Ammoplanus chorasmius Gussakovskij, 1931, by original designation.
Raised to genus status by R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:42,
and treated as subgenus by Marshakov (1976a, 1979).
Ceballosia
Giner Marí, 1943c:285, junior homonym of Ceballosia Mercet, 1921.
Type species: Ammoplanus rjabovi Gussakovskij, 1931, by original
designation.
Parammoplanus
Pate, 1939:391. Type species: Ammoplanus apache Pate, 1937, by
original designation. Treated as subgenus of Ammoplanellus by
R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:42.
brevicornis
Arnold
Ammoplanus
brevicornis Arnold, 1945:146, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). –
Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key); R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:198 (listed).
claripennis
Arnold
Ammoplanus
claripennis Arnold, 1945:147, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key). –
As Ammoplanellus claripennis: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198
(new combination, listed).
egregius
Arnold
Ammoplanus egregius
Arnold, 1945:148, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold,
1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:198 (listed).
jucundus
Arnold
Ammoplanus jucundus
Arnold, 1945:145,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:144 (in key);
Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (listed);
Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).
madecassus
Kohl
Ammoplanus
madecassus Kohl, 1909:374,
. Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara (ZMHU or SIF) –
Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Pate, 1937a:104 (placed in subgenus Ammoplanellus);
Leclercq, 1959a:26 (in key). – As Ammoplanellus madecassus:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (new combination, listed).
orientalis
Arnold
Ammoplanus
madecassus var. orientalis Arnold, 1945:148, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key). –
As Ammoplanellus orientalis: R. Bohart in Bohart
and Menke, 1976:200 (new combination, new status).
AMPULEX
Ampulex
Jurine, 1807:132. Type species: Chlorion compressum of Latreille
and of Fabricius [= Chlorion compressum (Fabricius, 1804) = Sphex
compressus Fabricius, 1781, designated by Audouin, 1822:301.
Pronaeus
Latreille, 1809:56. Type species: Dryinus aeneus Fabricius, 1804,
designated by Latreille, 1810:438.
Lorrhoeum
Shuckard, 1837:18. Type species: Chlorion compressum (Fabricius,
1804) [= Sphex compressus Fabricius, 1781], by original designation
and monotypy.
Rhinopsis
Westwood, 1844:68. Type species: Rhinopsis abbotti Westwood,
1844 [= Ampulex canaliculata Say, 1823, by monotypy.
Waagenia
Kriechbaumer, 1874:55. Type species: Waagenia sikkimensis Kriechbaumer,
1874, by monotypy.
Chlorampulex
de Saussure, 1892:441. Type species: Sphex compressus Fabricius,
1781, designated by Pate, 1937c:18.
compressa
(Fabricius)
Sphex
compressus Fabricius, 1781:445, sex not indicated (as compressa,
incorrect original termination). Holotype or syntypes: India: Kerala:
Malabar (BMNH, Banks coll.). – Fabricius, 1787:275, 1793:206. –
As Chlorion compressum: Fabricius, 1804:219 (new combination,
redescription); Gistel, 1848:142 (Bourbon Island, description); Lucas,
1879:CLIX (prey: Blatta americana). – As Chlorampulex
compressa: de Saussure, 1892:443 (in key), 445 (new combination,
redescription, Madagascar); Nagy, 1971:103 (s. India, Singapore). –
As Ampulex compressa: Jurine, 1807:134 (new combination,
comparison with Ampulex fasciata); Spinola, 1841:100 (diagnostic
characters); Dahlbom, 1843:29 (redescription), 1845:439 (in key); F. Smith,
1856:268 (listed, wing venation variable), 1858a:99 (Moluccas, Borneo);
Motschulsky, 1863:24 (Sri Lanka); Taschenberg, 1869:407 (India); Gerstaecker,
1871:852 (Kenya: Mombasa, Tanzania: Wanga); Radoszkowski, 1891:580 (male
genitalia); Kohl, 1893d:474, 482 (redescribed in key), 491 (listed,
synonymy), 1883e:183 (Zanzibar); Pérez, 1895b:210 (Seychelles Islands,
as compressus); Bingham, 1896a:441 (Sri Lanka: Pundaluoya), 1897:254
(redescription; Oriental Region to Africa); Dalla Torre, 1897:373 (listed);
Bingham, 1902:217 (Pemba Island), 1903a:67 (Pemba Island); Cameron,
1903c:238 (listed); Rothney, 1903:105 (India: West Bengal: Barrackpore);
Ashmead, 1904d:151 (Philippines); Cameron, 1907e:76 (Seychelles Islands);
Vachal, 1907:114 and 1908:23 (New Caledonia, as compressus);
Kohl, 1909:369 (Kenya: Mombasa; Tanzania: Pemba Island); Turner, 1911b:368
(Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:71 (Réunion Island: life history);
Dutt, 1912:227 (preying on Periplaneta americana, dragging paralyzed
prey); R. Turner, 1919b:238 (New Caledonia); Arnold, 1928a:221 (revision);
Williams, 1942:221 (life history); Giner Marí, 1945c:850 (India: Maharashtra:
Bandra); Van Zwaluwenburg, 1950:14 (new to Molokai, Hawaii); Leclercq,
1954b:150 (Mauritius, Zanzibar, Ethiopia: Daghabur), 1961d:101 (Saussure's
records from Madagascar are doubtful); van der Vecht, 1961a:11 (study
of type); Guiglia, 1964:309 (southern Arabia); Begum and Bose, 1976:26
(Bangladesh: Dakka); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:77 (listed); Leclercq,
1976b:201 (St. Helena Island), 202 (Madagascar); Krombein, 1979a:6 (Sri
Lanka, revision); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:110 (specimens
in M. Spinola collection); Piek, Visser, and Veenendaal, 1984:195 (hunting
and ovipositing, effects of sting on prey behavior); Wu and Chou, 1985:154
(in key); Begum, Bose, and Howlander, 1989:127 life history in Bangladesh);
Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascan records questionable); Begum, Khan,
and Bose, 1995:174 (Bangladesh: Dhaka University Campus); Wu and Zhou,
1996:22 (revision in Economic Insect Fauna of China); Wcislo, 1998:181
(proportions of antennae in relations to parasitic/non-parasitic behavior);
Libersat, Haspel, Casagrand, and Fouad, 1999:333 (the sting of prey’s
subesophageal ganglion blocks fast motoneurons); Weisel-Eichler, Haspel,
and Libersat, 1999:957 (sting induces prolonged grooming in prey).
Ampulex
sinensis de Saussure, 1867:43,
. Holotype or syntypes: , China: Hong Kong (NHMW). Synonymized with
Ampulex compressa by Gerstaecker, 1871:852
Chlorampulex
striolata de Saussure, 1892:446, . Holotype or syntypes: , Tanzania: Zanzibar:
no specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:443 (in key).
– As Ampulex striolata: Kohl, 1893d:502 (new combination,
original description copied); Dalla Torre, 1897:377 (listed); Arnold,
1928a:227 (original description translated into English.
ASTATA
Astata
Latreille, 1796:xiii. Emendation of Astatus Latreille, 1796:114.
Astatus
Latreille, 1796:114 (no species included). Type species: Tiphia abdominalis
Panzer, 1798 [= Sphex boops Schrank, 1781], designated by
Latreille, 1802b:337 (first included species). See also International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1943a, Opinion 139.
Dimorpha
Panzer, 1806:26. Type species: Tiphia abdominalis Panzer, 1798
[= Sphex boops Schrank, 1781], by monotypy.
blanda de
Saussure
Astatus
blandus de Saussure, 1892:519, .
Syntypes: , Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province
(MHNG). – As Astata blanda: Arnold, 1945:43 (in key);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:212 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar:
Tsimbazaza; keyed).
minax Arnold
Astata
minax Arnold, 1945:43,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:212
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar, keyed); Hancock, Chahwanda,
and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (one syntype in Bulawayo Museum).
ruficaudata
hova Arnold
Astata
ruficaudata hova Arnold, 1945:46, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN).
– Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:213
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar, keyed); Hancock, Chahwanda,
and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).
rufofemorata
Arnold
Astata
rufofemorata Arnold, 1945:44,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:97
(Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:213 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114
(in key), 115 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37
(syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).
BEMBECINUS
Bembecinus
A. Costa, 1859:4. Type species: Bembecinus meridionalis A. Costa,
1859, by monotypy.
Stizomorphus
A. Costa, 1959:7. Type species: Vespa tridens Fabricius, 1781,
by monotypy.
Gorystizus
Minkiewicz, 1934:252. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13b).
Gorystizus
Pate, 1937c:29. Type species: Vespa tridens Fabricius, 1781,
by original designation. Validation of Gorystizus Minkiewicz,
1934.
Lavia
Rayment, 1953:23. Nomen nudum.
assentator
(Arnold)
Stizus
assentator Arnold, 1945:72,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Bembecinus assentator:
Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar, new combination); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:530 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar; male sternum VII
dentate).
brooksi
R. Bohart
Bembecinus
brooksi R. Bohart, 1997a:172, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: Beza Mahafaly
Reserve (UK).
hirtiusculus
(Arnold)
Stizus
hirtiusculus Arnold, 1945:74, ,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN). – As Bembecinus
hirtiusculus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:531 (new combination).
mirus
(Arnold)
Stizus
mirus Arnold, 1945:69,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Amboasary, Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq,
1960a:100 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntypes
in Bulawayo Museum). – As Bembecinus mirus: Leclercq,
1961d:103 (Madagascar, new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:531
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar:
Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
rectilateralis
(Arnold)
Stizus
rectilateralis Arnold, 1945:75,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Ranomafana (MNHN). – As
Bembecinus rectilateralis: Leclercq, 1961d:103 (new combination);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:532 (listed).
spinicornis
(de Saussure)
Stizolarra
spinicornis de Saussure, 1887:9, . Holotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality
(MNHN); see de Saussure, 1892:468 for type status. – As Stizolarra
spinicornis: de Saussure, 1892:467 (Madagascar, redescription).
– As Stizus spinicornis: Handlirsch, 1892:42 (new
combination, original description copied), 1895:972 (redescription);
Dalla Torre, 1897:531 (listed). – As Bembecinus spinicornis:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:532 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar,
type in MNHN); R. Bohart, 1997a:177 (discussion of synonymy with varians);
Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of
Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
Stizus
varians Arnold, 1945:73, . Syntypes: Madagascar:
Bekily (MNHN). Synonymized with Bembecinus spinicornis by Leclercq,
1990b:119. – As Bembecinus varians: Leclercq, 1961d:103
(Madagascar, new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:532 (listed).
wenzeli
R. Bohart
Bembecinus
wenzeli R. Bohart, 1997a:176, ,  . Holotype:
, Madagascar: Toliara: 38 km N Toliara (KU).
BEMBIX
Variant but improper
spellings: Bembex and Bembyx (transfer from Bembex
to Bembix does not require parentheses for the author: Article
51.3)
Bembix
Fabricius, 1775: Characteres Generum, p. [= xxiii], no included species.
Type species: Bembex rostrata of Fabricius, 1781 [= Apis rostrata
Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Latreille, 1810:438 (one of three species
included in Bembyx by Fabricius, 1775:361). Morice and Durrant
(1915:400) gave the first type species designation for the spelling
of Bembix: Apis rostrata Linnaeus, 1757.
Bembyx
Fabricius, 1775:361. Lapsus for Bembix Fabricius, 1775.
Bembex
Fabricius, 1776:122. Emendation of Bembix Fabricius, 1775.
Apobembex
Pate, 1937c:9. Type species: Bembex oculata of Latreille, 1805
[= Bembex oculata Panzer, 1801], by original designation.
Epibembex
Pate, 1937c:26. Type species: Apis rostrata Linnaeus, 1758, by
original designation.
hova
de Saussure
Bembex
hova de Saussure, 1892:457,
,
(
= Bembex madecassa). Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG), designated
by Leclercq, 1961d:104. – Nec de Saussure, 1892:458 ( only) and Handlirsch,
1893:734 (
only) = Bembix madecassa; Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascar: Andranohinaly).
– As Bembix hova: Arnold, 1945:81 (Madagascar; redescription);
Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:104 (Madagascar; in key); Bohart
and Menke, 1976:546 (listed); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha
Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
As
Bembex madecassa: Handlirsch, 1893:734,
(Madagascar), corrected to Bembix hova by Arnold, 1945:81.
latebrosa
Kohl
Bembex
latebrosa Kohl, 1909:373,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Tulear (ZMHU or SIF). – As Bembix latebrosa:
Arnold, 1945:83 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar),
1961d:104 (in key), 105 (Madagascar); Bohart and Menke, 1976:547 (listed).
madecassa
de Saussure
Bembex
madecassa de Saussure, 1890: pl. 11, fig. 2, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar:
no specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:456 (Madagascar,
redescription); Handlirsch, 1893c:818 (revision), 1895:1003 (Comoro
Islands); Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascar: Tamatave, Toliara); R. Turner,
1911b:371 (Seychelles Islands). – As Bembix madecassa:
J. Parker, 1929:139 (revision); Arnold, 1945:79 (Madagascar; redescription);
Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:104 (in key), 105 (Madagascar);
Bohart and Menke, 1976:547 (listed); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy
Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
Bembix
militaris de Saussure, 1890: pl. 11, figs. 3,
. Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no
specific locality (ZMHU). Synonymized with Bembix madecassa by
Arnold, 1945:79.
Bembex
madecassa de Saussure, 1891:260,
. Objective synonym of Bembex madecassa de Saussure, 1891. Lectotype:
, Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG), unnecessary
designation by Leclercq, 1961d:105. – de Saussure, 1892:456 (Madagascar,
redescription).
Bembex
militaris de Saussure, 1891:260,
. Objective synonym of Bembex militaris de Saussure, 1890. Lectotype:
, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), unnecessary designation by
Leclercq, 1961d:105
Bembix
militaris de Saussure, 1892:459,
. Objective synonym of Bembex madecassa de Saussure, 1890.
Bembex
crinita de Saussure, 1891:260,
. Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG),
designated by Leclercq, 1961d:105. Synonymized with Bembix madecassa
by de Saussure, 1892:456.
As
Bembex hova: de Saussure, 1892:458 (
only) and Handlirsch, 1893c:734 (revision, only), corrected to Bembix madecassa
by Arnold, 1945:79.
CARINOSTIGMUS
Carinostigmus
Tsuneki, 1954a:3. Types species: Stigmus congruus Walker, 1860,
by original designation.
Perissostigmus
Krombein, 1984c:18, as subgenus of Carinostigmus. Type species:
Carinostigmus bucheilus Krombein, by original designation and
monotypy.
nubilipennis
(Arnold)
Stigmus
nubilipennis Arnold, 1945:149,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Ambositra, Bekily, Ivondro, Ranomafana (MNHN).
– Arnold, 1945:149 (in key). – As Carinostigmus nubilipennis:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:191 (listed; new combination).
tenellus
(Arnold)
Stigmus
tenellus Arnold, 1945:151,
,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:149 (in key).
– As Carinostigmus tenellus: R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:191 (listed; new combination).
CERCERIS
Cerceris
Latreille, 1802b:367. Type species: Philanthus ornatus Fabricius,
1790 [= Sphex rybyensis Linnaeus, 1771], designated by Latreille,
1810:438.
Nectanebus
Spinola, 1839:489. Type species: Nectanebus fischeri Spinola,
1839, secondary homomym of Cerceris fischeri Spinola, 1839 [=
Nectanebus histerisnicus Spinola, 1839], designated by Pate,
1937c:42 (said to be by original designation). Synonymized with Cerceris
Latreille, 1802, by R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:55.
Diamma
Dahlbom, 1844:225. Type species: Diamma spinolae Dahlbom, 1844
[= Cerceris binodis Spinola, 1841], by monotypy. Junior homonym
of Diamma Westwood, 1835.
Didesmus
Dahlbom, 1845:502 Replacement name for Diamma Dahlbom, 1844.
Apiraptrix
Shestakov, 1923:101. Type species: Cerceris rybyensis (Linnaeus,
1771) [= Sphex rybyensis Linnaeus, 1771], by original designation.
– Apiratryx Balthasar, 1972:387 and 397 (lapsus).
Paracerceris
Brèthes, 1913b:127. Type species: Paracerceris tridentifera Brèthes,
1913 [= Cerceris pollens Schletterer, 1887, by monotypy.
Apicerceris
Minkiewicz, 1934:253. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13b).
Bucerceris
Minkiewicz, 1934:253. Type species: Cerceris bupresticida Dufour,
1841, by monotypy.
Stercobata
Gussakovskij, 1935:445. Type species: Cerceris bupresticida Dufour,
1841, by monotypy.
Apicerceris
Pate, 1937c:8. Type species: Sphex rybyensis Linnaeus, 1771,
by original designation. Validation of Apicerceris Minkiewicz,
1934.
aemula
Arnold
Cerceris
aemula Arnold, 1945:37,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ivondro (MNHN). – Empey, 1969a:300
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:576 (listed); Empey, 1983:163
(type examined, reference to holotype incorrect).
aemuloides
Leclercq
Cerceris
aemuloides Leclercq, 1962b:209,
. Holotype: , Madagascar: Rogez (MRAC). – R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:579 (listed); Empey, 1983:163 (listed).
argentifrons
Guérin-Méneville
Cerceris
argentifrons Guérin-Méneville, 1844:445, []. Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality
(Genova), designated by Guiglia, 1948b:179 (Article 74.6). – F. Smith,
1856:450 (listed); Schletterer, 1887:486 (listed); de Saussure, 1892:555
(original description copied); Guiglia, 1948b:179 (type in Genova),
187 (redescription). – Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar), 1962b:211
(Madagascar: Bekily); Empey, 1969a:301 (listed); R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:577 (listed); Empey, 1983:164 (listed).
Cerceris
albotegulata Arnold, 1945:40,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily, Behara, Ivondro (MNHN). Synonymized
with Cerceris argentifrons by Guiglia, 1948b:187, by Leclercq,
1961d:102, and conditionally by Empey, 1969a:301. – R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:577 (as questionable synonym of Cerceris argentifrons);
Empey, 1983:164 (reference to holotype is incorrect); Hancock, Chahwanda,
and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).
beharensis
Leclercq
Cerceris
beharensis Leclercq, 1967b:63, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Behara (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:577 (listed); Empey, 1983:166
(listed).
clypearis
de Saussure
Cerceris
clypearis de Saussure, 1887:25, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MNHN, now probably lost: Empey, 1983:167). –
de Saussure, 1892:541 (Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:22 (Madagascar;
redescription); Empey, 1969a:303 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:579 (listed); Empey, 1983:167 (type material missing).
dentiventris
Arnold
Cerceris
dentiventris Arnold, 1945:35,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Ivondro (MNHN). – R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:579 (listed); Empey, 1983:167 (listed, holotype examined);
Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island, as dentriventris),
822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae, as dentriventris).
duchesnei
Arnold
Cerceris
duchesnei Arnold, 1945:31, ,
(as Duchesnei, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes:
Madagascar: Ambovimbi, Antananarivo, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq,
1961d:102 (Madagascar); Empey, 1969a:305 (listed, as duchnesei);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:580 (listed); Empey, 1983:169 (listed,
holotype examined).
formidolosa
de Saussure
Cerceris
formidolosa de Saussure, 1891:261, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG),
designated by Empey, 1983:171 (Article 74.6). – de Saussure, 1892:547
(Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:41 (Madagascar; redescription);
Leclercq, 1962b:211 (Madagascar: Rogez); Empey, 1969a:308 (listed);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:581 (listed); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar:
Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
gallienii
Arnold
Cerceris
gallienii Arnold, 1945:32,
,
(as Gallienii, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype:
, Madagascar: Fort
Dauphin (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:172 (Article 74.6). –
Leclercq, 1962b:211 (Madagascar: Rogez); Empey, 1969a:308 (listed);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:581 (listed, as gallieni); Empey,
1983:172 (listed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes
in Bulawayo Museum).
Cerceris
augagneuri Arnold, 1945:34, ,
(as Augagneuri, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes:
Madagascar: Antsirabé (MNHN). Synonymized with Cerceris gallienii
by Leclercq, 1962b:211. – Empey, 1969a:302 (listed); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:577 (listed); Empey, 1983:165 (listed, type examined).
ssp.
bekiliensis Arnold
Cerceris
Gallienii var. bekiliensis Arnold, 1945:34, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN), designated
by Empey, 1983:173 (Article 74.6). – As Cerceris gallieni
bekilensis: Empey, 1969a:308 (new status, listed); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:581 (listed); Empey, 1983:172 (listed).
hildebrandti
de Saussure
Cerceris
hildebrandti de Saussure, 1891:261,
(as Hildebrandti, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype
or syntypes: Madagascar: ,
no specific locality (missing: Empey, 1983:173). – Empey, 1969a:301
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:582 (listed).
lateridentata
Arnold
Cerceris
lateridentata Arnold, 1945:26,
,
. Lectotype: , Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN), designated
by Empey, 1983:177 (Article 74.6). – Empey, 1969a:312 (listed);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:583 (listed).
nenicra
de Saussure
Cerceris
nenicra de Saussure, 1887:25,
,
. Lectotype: , Madagascar: Nosibe (MHNG), designated
by Empey, 1983:180. – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:584 (listed).
– As Cerceris nenitra (a misspelling): de Saussure,
1892:551 (Madagascar, redescription); R. Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles
Islands); Arnold, 1945:42 (Madagascar; redescription); Vesey-Fitzgerald,
1956b:362 (Seychelles, as renitra); Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar),
1962b:212 (Madagascar); Empey, 1969a:316 (listed).
Cerceris
perfoveata Arnold, 1947:167,
. Holotype: , Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN). Synonymized
with Cerceris nenicra by Empey, 1983:180. – Empey, 1969a:318
(listed, possibly dark form of Cerceris nenit ra); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:585 (listed).
paleata de Saussure
Cerceris
paleata de Saussure, 1891:262,
. Lectotype: , Madagascar: Andreagoloka (MHNG), designated
by Empey, 1983:182 (Article 74.6). – de Saussure, 1892:543 (Madagascar,
redescription); Arnold, 1945:24 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq,
1962b:212 (Madagascar: Mandraka); Empey, 1969a:318 (listed); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:585 (listed).
Cerceris
carnaria de Saussure, 1892:545, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo and Bezanozano
Province: Anosibé (MHNG). Synonymized with Cerceris paleata by
Arnold, 1945:24.
perfida de Saussure
Cerceris
perfida de Saussure, 1890:pl. 19 fig. 10, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar:
no specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:549 (Madagascar,
redescription); Arnold, 1945:23 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq,
1962b:212 (Madagascar: Rogez); Empey, 1969a:318 (listed); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:585 (listed); Empey, 1983:183 (listed, type examined);
Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:38 (specimen in Bulawayo Museum).
Cerceris
perfida de Saussure, 1891:262,
. Objective synonym of Cerceris perfida de Saussure, 1890.
Cerceris
spinifrons de Saussure, 1891:262, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG,
type missing: Empey, 1983:183). Synonymized with Cerceris perfida
by Arnold, 1945:23.
petiolata de Saussure
Cerceris
petiolata de Saussure, 1891:261, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: Andreagoloka (MHNG), designated
by Empey, 1983:183. – Arnold, 1945:38 (Madagascar; redescription);
Empey, 1969a:318 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:585 (listed);
Empey, 1983:183 (listed).
Cerceris
petiolata de Saussure, 1892:555, .
Objective synonym of Cerceris petiolata de Saussure, 1891.
rasoherinae Arnold
Cerceris
rasoherinae Arnold, 1945:29, ,
(as Rasoherinae, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype:
, Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN),
designated by Empey, 1983:184 (Article 74.6). – Empey, 1969a:320
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:586 (listed).
Cerceris
rasoherinae var. debilis Arnold, 1945:30,
, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN), designated
by Empey, 1983:185 (Article 74.6). Synonymized with Cerceris rasoherinae
by Empey, 1983:202. – As Cerceris rasoherinae debilis:
Empey, 1969a:320 (new status); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:586 (listed).
seyrigi
Arnold
Cerceris
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:27, ,
nec
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN),
designated by Empey, 1983:188 (Article 74.6). – Empey, 1969a:322
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:587 (listed); Empey, 1983:188
(the described by Arnold is an undescribed
species).
spirans
de Saussure
Cerceris
spirans de Saussure, 1892:553,
,
. Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province: Anosibé
(MHNG), designated by Empey, 1983:189. – Arnold, 1945:19 (citation);
Empey, 1969a:323 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:587 (listed).
xanthostigma Arnold
Cerceris
xanthostigma Arnold, 1945:39, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Rogez in East Coast Forest
(MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:589 (listed); Empey, 1983:193
(listed, type examined).
CHALYBION
Chalybion
Dahlbom, 1843:21. Type species: "Chalybion caeruleum" [= Sphex
caeruleus of Linnaeus, 1767:941 = Sphex caeruleus Linnaeus, 1763 (nec
Sphex caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758) = Sphex cyaneus Fabricius, 1775 (nec
Sphex cyaneus Linnaeus, 1758) = Pelopeus (sic) californicus de Saussure,
1867], designated by Patton, 1880a:378.
Chalybium
Agassiz, 1846:77. Emendation of Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843.
Chalybium
W. Schulz, 1906:192. Emendation of Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843, homonym
of Chalybium Agassiz, 1846.
Hemichalybion
Kohl, 1918:79. Type species: Pelopoeus eckloni Dahlbom, 1845, designated
by Pate, 1937c:30.
bonneti
Leclercq
Chalybion
bonneti Leclercq, 1966:55, ,
. Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave (FSAG). –
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:102 (listed); Hensen, 1988:25 (revision).
madecassum
(Gribodo)
Pelopoeus
madecassus Gribodo, 1883a:263,
, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (Genova),
designated by Hensen, 1988:27. – As Sceliphron madecassum:
Kohl, 1906a:193, 196 (in key), 1909:370 (Comoro Islands); Turner, 1911b:368
(Seychelles Islands); Kohl, 1918:65 (revision); Arnold, 1945:86 (Madagascar).
– As Chalybion madecassum: Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar);
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Leclercq, 1961d:106 (Madagascar),
1966:56 (comparison with Chalybion bonnenti; Hensen, 1988:27
(revision); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:831 (Seychelles Islands);
Madl, 1997:819 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of
Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
As
Sceliphron violaceum: de Saussure, 1892:449 (Madagascar), corrected
to Sceliphron madecassum by Kohl, 1906a:193; Friederichs, 1918:33,
42 (life history) and von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48
(Madagascar: Antananarivo, Diego Suarez), corrected to Chalybion
madecassum by Hensen, 1988:27; Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1950:75 (new to
Seychelles Islands), corrected to Chalybion madecassum by Hensen,
1988:27.
Sceliphron
purpurascens Pérez, 1895:211, ,
.
Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN),
designated by Hensen, 1988:27. Synonymized with Sceliphron madecassum
by Kohl, 1906a:193.
As
Sceliphron bengalense: Cameron, 1907:76 (Seychelles Islands),
corrected to Sceliphron madecassum by R. Turner, 1911b:369.
CHLORION
Chlorion
Latreille, 1802b:333. Type species: Sphex lobatus Fabricius,
1775, by monotypy.
Chlorium
W. Schulz, 1906:193. Emendation of Chlorion Latreille, 1802.
maxillosum
ciliatum (Fabricius)
Sphex
ciliatus Fabricius, 1787:275, sex not indicated (as ciliata,
incorrect original termination). Holotype:
, India (in error): no specific locality (ZMK). – Dalla Torre,
1897:418 (listed). – As Pronoeus ciliatum: Dahlbom,
1845:XXII (new combination, listed). – As Chlorion ciliatum:
Fabricius, 1804:218 (new combination, redescription); van der Vecht,
1961a:35 (redescription of holotype); Leclercq, l969:1047 (Congo Brazzaville).
– As Chlorion maxillosum ciliatum: R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:90 (listed); Dollfuss, 1990:122 (Central African Republic).
Sphex
xanthoceros Illiger, 1801:193,: Sierra Leone. Synonymized
with Chlorion ciliatum by van der Vecht, 1961a:36. – Strand,
1916b:102 (Angola: Benguela; original description copied and discussed).
– As Sphex xanthocerus: Kohl, 1890:183 (revision),
1883e:183 (Tanzania: Bagamoyo); Bingham, 1902:215 (Malawi); Brauns,
1911a:118 (South Africa: Orange Free State); Morice, 1911:74 (Algeria:
Bône); Bischoff, 1912:221 (Zaire: Kivu: N shore of Lake Kivu); Mantero,
1915:324 (Libya); Gennerich, 1922:41 (morphology); Berland, 1925c:154
(Angola), 1926b:164 (miscellaneous locality records); Schouteden, 1930:95
(Zaire); Valdeyron-Fabre, 1952:107 (prey: Brachytrypes megacephalus
Lepeletier), 1955:152 (preying behavior); Berland, 1956:1162 (in revision
of African Sphecini). – As Chlorion xanthocerum:
Arnold, 1928c:347 (revision), 1943:77 (Zaire). – As Chlorion
xanthoceros: Leclercq, 1955h:40 (bibliographic references, variation),
43 (locality records), 1955i:405 (Rwanda), 1961b:47 (Zaire, as xanthoceros
xanthoceros).
Chlorion
mandibulare Fabricius, 1804:218,
. Syntypes: Guinea: no specific locality (ZMK). Synonymized with Sphex
xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. – de Saussure, 1867:37 (review
of variation). – As Pronaeus mandibularis: F. Smith,
1856:239 (listed); Magretti, 1884b:578 (Sudan: Bahr el Salaam); Casolari
and Casolari Moreno, 1980:110 (specimens in M. Spinola collection).
– As Sphex mandibularis: Kohl, 1885b:175 (in revision
of Palearctic Sphex); Ed. André, 1888:122 (in revision of Sphecidae
of Europe and Algeria), 6* (bibliographic references). – As
Chlorion ciliatum mandibulare: van der Vecht, 1961a:37 (new
status, redescription of syntypes).
Pepsis
maxillaris Palisot de Beauvois, 1805:plate 1. – As
Pronaeus maxillaris: Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:331
(revision); F. Smith, 1856:239 (listed); Radoszkowski, 1881:211 (Angola);
Magretti, 1884b:579 (Sudan: Bahr el Salaam); Bradley, 1957:43 (Lepeletier's
specimens in Turin); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:110 (specimens
in M. Spinola collection). – As Sphex maxillaris:
Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire). – As Sphex xanthocerus var.
maxillaris: Kohl, 1883e:183 (Mozambique); W. Fox, 1896e:551
(Ethiopia: the Haud tribal area); Bischoff, 1912:221 (border of Zaire
and Uganda); Berland, 1952b:275 (boundary of Ivory Coast, Guinea, and
Liberia: Mt. Nimba), 1956:1163 (in revision of African Sphecini). –
As Chlorion maxillaris: Gribodo, 1894:137 (Mozambique:
Magnarra River). – As Chlorion xanthocerum var. maxillaris:
Arnold, 1928c:348 (revision); Scott in Arnold, 1933a:370 (Ethiopia:
Harar District and Buno, as maxillare); Guiglia, 1940b:287 (Somalia).
– As Chlorion xanthocerus maxillaris: Arnold, 1943:78
(Zaire); de Beaumont, 1962b:32 (redescription). – As Chlorion
xanthoceros maxillare: Leclercq, 1955h:43 (locality records),
1961b:48 (Zaire).
Chlorion
varipenne Reiche and Fairmaire, 1850:451, sex not indicated. Holotype
or syntypes: Ethiopia: no specific locality (MNHN?). Synonymized with
Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. – F. Smith, 1856:246
(listed).
Pronaeus
instabilis F. Smith, 1856:240, ,
. Syntypes: Guinea, Congo: no specific locality (BMNH). Synonymized
with Chlorion ciliatum by van der Vecht, 1961a:36. – Synonymized
with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. – Magretti, 1884b:580
(Sudan: Bahr el Salaam). – As Sphex xanthocerus var.
instabilis: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire); Berland, 1956:1164
(in revision of African Sphecini). – As Chlorion xanthocerum
var. instablis: Arnold, 1928c:349 (original description
copied). – As Chlorion xanthoceros instabile: Leclercq,
1955h:44 (locality records), 1961b:48 (Zaire).
Pronaeus
affinis F. Smith, 1856:240, , . Syntypes: South
Africa: Natal: Port Natal (BMNH). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus
by Kohl, 1890:183.
Chlorion
fulvipes Gerstaecker in Peters, 1858:510,
. Holotype or syntypes: , Mozambique: no specific locality (ZMHU).
Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. –
Taschenberg, 1880:776 (description of ).
Chlorion
subcyaneum Gerstaecker in Peters, 1858:511, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Mozambique: no specific locality (ZMHU).
Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. –
As Sphex xanthoceros var. subcyaneus: Strand, 1916b:102
(Tanzania: Bagamoyo, as subcyanbeum); Berland, 1952b:275 (boundary
of Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Liberia: Mt. Nimba), 1956:1164 (in revision
of African Sphecini). – As Chlorion xanthocerum var.
subcyaneum: Arnold, 1928c:348 (revision). – As
Chlorion xanthoocerum subcyaneum: Arnold, 1943:78 (Zaire).
– As Sphex subcyaneus: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire).
Chlorion
fulvipes Gerstaecker, 1862:482, .
Objective synonym of Chlorion fulvipes Gerstaecker, 1858.
Chlorion
subcyaneum Gerstaecker, 1862:482. Objective synonym of Chlorion
subcyaneum Gerstaecker, 1858.
Chlorion
zonatum de Saussure, 1867:36,
. Holotype or syntypes: , Guinea: no specific locality (NHMW). Synonymized
with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183 (or an earlier author?).
– As Chlorion xanthocerum var. zonatum: Arnold,
1928c:349 (revision). – As Sphex zonatus: Schouteden,
1930:95 (Zaire). – As Sphex xanthocerus var. zonatus:
Berland, 1956:1165 (in revision of African Sphecini).
Sphex
mandibularis var. unicolor de Saussure, 1867:37, sex not
indicated. Holotype or syntypes: Mozambique (NHMW). Synonymized with
Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. – As Chlorion
xanthocerum var. unicolor: Arnold, 1928c:348 (revision).
– As Chlorion xanthocerum unicolor: Arnold, 1943:78
(Zaire). – As Sphex unicolor: Schouteden, 1930:95
(Zaire). – As Chlorion xanthoceros unicolor: Leclercq,
1955h:42 (locality records).
?
Sphex cyanescens Radoszkowski, 1881:209, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Angola: Humbe (Kraków). – As questionabale
synonym of Chlorion maxillosum ciliatum: R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:90 (listed).
Chlorion
columbianum Gribodo, 1883a:262, .
Lectotype: , Colombia: Caracas (Genova), designated
by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:90. Synonymized with Chlorion
maxillosum ciliatum by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:90.
Sphex
massaicus Cameron, 1908a:262, , . Syntypes: Kenya:
Mount Meru: Ngare na nyuki (NRS). Synonymized with Chlorion xanthocerum
by R. Turner, 1913:746 and with Sphex xantocerum by Berland,
1926b:164.
Sphex
levilabris Cameron, 1910:137, . Holotype or syntypes:
, South Africa: Transvaal: Kranspoort (TMP). Synonymized with Chlorion
xanthocerum var. maxillaris by Arnold, 1928c:348.
Sphex xanthoceros
var. kigonseranus Strand, 1916:102,
,
(as kigonserana, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: German
East Africa: Kigonsera (DEI). Synonymized with Chlorion –
Berland, 1956:1163 (in revision of African Sphecini, as kingiserana);
Leclercq, 1953b:211 (first record from Madagascar, as kingoseranum).–
As Chlorion xanthocerum kigonserana: Arnold, 1928c:348.
– As Chlorion xanthoceros kigonseranum: Leclercq,
1955h:42 (locality records), 1961b:49 (Rwanda).
CROSSOCERUS
(Pericrabro
is excluded)
Crossocerus
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:763. Type species: Crabro
scutatus Fabricius, 1787 [= Sphex palmipes Linnaeus, 1767],
designated by Westwood, 1839:80.
Blepharipus
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:728. Type species: Blepharipus
nigritus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835, designated
by Ashmead, 1899d:215. Westwood's (1939:80) designataion of Crabro
dimidiatus Fabricius, 1781, as type species of Blepharipus
is invalid since this species was only questionably included in the
taxon by Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé (1835:731).
Cuphopterus
A. Morawitz, 1866:252. Type species: Crabro subulatus Dahlbom,
1845, by monotypy, = Blepharipus of authors accepting Westwood's
type species designation.
Coelocrabro
Thomson, 1874:262. Type species: Crabro pubescens Shuckard, 1837
[= Blepharipus nigritus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé,
1835], designated by Richards, 1935a:166.
Hoplocrabro
Thomson, 1874:262. Type species: Crabro quadrimaculatus Fabricius,
, 1793, by monotypy.
Microcrabro
de Saussure, 1892:574. Type species: Crabro micromegas de Saussure,
1892, by monotypy.
Dolichocrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:216. Type species: Dolichocrabro wickhami Ashmead,
1899, by original designation.
Epicrossocerus
Ashmead, 1899d:215. Type species: Crabro insolens W. Fox, 1895,
by original designation.
Stenocrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:216. Type species: Crabro planipes W. Fox, 1895,
by original designation.
Synorhopalum
Ashmead, 1899d:218. Type species: Crabro decorus W. Fox, 1895,
by original designation.
Ischnolynthus
Holmberg, 1903:472. Type species: Ischnolynthus foveolatus Holmberg,
1903 [= Crabro elongatulus Vander Linden, 1892], by monotypy.
Ablepharipus
Perkins, 1913b:390. Type species: Ablepharipus podagricus (Vander
Linden, 1829) [= Crabro podagricus Vander Linden, 1829, by monotypy.
Acanthocrabro
Perkins, 1913b:391. Type species: Acanthocrabro vagabundus (Panzer,
1798) [= Crabro vagabundus Panzer , 1798], by monotypy, = Blepharipus
of Leclercq, 1954.
Apocrabro
Pate, 1944a:282. Type species: Crossocerus aeta Pate, 1944, by
original designation.
Nothocrabro
Pate, 1944a:314. Type species: Crabro nitidiventris W. Fox, 1895,
by original designation.
Stictoptila
Pate, 1944a:315. Type species: Crabro confertus W. Fox, 1895
[= Crabro maculipennis F. Smith, 1856], by original designation.
Yuchiba
Pate, 1944a:272. Type species: Crossocerus xanthochilos Pate,
1944, by original designation.
Ainocrabro
Tsuneki, 1954b:74. Type species: Crossocerus aino (Tsuneki, 1947)
[= Crabro aino Tsuneki, 19947], by original designation.
Oxycrabro
Leclercq, 1961h:74. Type species: Crabro acanthophorus Kohl,
1892, by original designation.
Paroxycrabro
Leclercq, 1963:2. Type species: Crossocerus sotirus Leclercq,
1963, by original designation and monotypy.
Alicrabro
Tsuneki, 1968g:7. Type species: Crossocerus rufiventris Tsuneki,
1968, by original designation and monotypy.
Apoides
Tsuneki, 1968g: 5. Type species: Crossocerus alticola Tsuneki,
1968, by original designation and monotypy.
Neoblepharipus
Leclercq, 1968c:98. Type species: Crossocerus potosusLeclercq,
1968, by original designation.
Towada
Tsuneki, 1970f:1. Type species: Crossocerus leclercqi Tsuneki,
1959 [= Crabro flavitarsus Tsuneki, 1947], by original designation
and monotypy.
Bnunius
Tsuneki, 1971a:15. Type species: Crossocerus domicola Tsuneki,
1971, by original designation.
Fentis
Tsuneki, 1971a:13. Type species: Crossocerus quinquedentatus
Tsuneki, 1971, by original designation and monotypy.
Ornicrabro
Leclercq, 1973c:291. Type species: Crossocerus flavissimus Leclercq,
1973, by original designation and monotypy.
Corenocrabro
Tsuneki, 1974a:374. Type species: Corenocrabro ectemiformis Tsuneki,
1974, by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Crossocerus
by Marshakov, 1979a:96 and by Nemkov in Nemkov, Kazenas, Budrys,
and Antropov, 1995:428 (as new synonym).
Thao
Tsuneki, 1982e:33, as subgenus of Crossocerus. Type species:
Crossocerus nitidicorpus Tsuneki, 1968, by original designation
and monotypy.
Orthocrabro
Tsuneki, 1990a:87, as subgenus of Crossocerus. Type species:
Crossocerus hirashimai Tsuneki, 1966, by original designation
and monotypy.
Yambal
Tsuneki, 1990a:90, as subgenus of Crossocerus. Type species:
Crossocerus minor Tsuneki, 1990, by original designation and
monotypy.
Corenocrabro
Tsuneki, 1991:202, junior homonym of Corenocrabro Tsuneki, 1974.
Not available: nomen nudum and type not designated (Article 13b).
brunniventris
bekiliensis (Arnold)
Crabro
brunniventris race bekiliensis Arnold, 1945:180, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). –
Leclercq, 1954c:221 (listed), 304 (nest and prey records); 1958a:14,
footnote (diagnostic characters), 17 (Madagascar: Bekily, Ivondro).
– As Crossocerus brunniventris bekiliensis: R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:400 (new status, listed).
hirtitibia
(Arnold)
Crabro
hirtitibia Arnold, 1945:179, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Crossocerus hirtitibia:
Leclercq, 1954c:236 (new combination, listed), 1958a:13 (in key), 25
(Madagascar: Bekily); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:401 (listed); Rodgers
and Homewood, 1982:233 (Tanzania: Usambara Mountains).
micromegas
(de Saussure)
Crabro
micromegas de Saussure, 1892:575, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Anatananarivo
(MHNG). – Dalla Torre, 1897:610 (in catalog of world Sphecidae).
– As Microcrabro micromegas: Arnold, 1945:185 (Madagascar).
– As Crossocerus micromegas: Leclercq, 1954c:221
(new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:402 (listed).
DASYPROCTUS
Dasyproctus
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:801. Type species: Dasyproctus
bipunctatus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835, by monotypy.
Megapodium
Dahlbom, 1844:295. Type species: Megapodium westermanni Dahlbom,
1844, , designated by Pate, 1937c:37.
Megalopodium
W. Schulz, 1906:202. Emendation of Megapodium Dahlbom, 1844.
Bishamon
Tsuneki, 1983h:17, as subgenus of Dasyproctus. Type species:
Dasyproctus guadalensis Tsuneki, 1983, by original designation
and monotypy.
crudelis
(de Saussure)
Crabro
crudelis de Saussure, 1892:579, ,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Antananarivo area (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:170
(Madagascar; revision). – As Dasyproctus crudelis:
Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed), 1958a:50 (in key), 75
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:420 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:233,
234, and 242 (in key), 250 (bibliographic references, shape of frontal
carina), 1991d:19 (summary of collecting localities).
ferox
(de Saussure)
Crabro
ferox de Saussure, 1892:580,
. Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo area, Anosibé
in Bezanozano Province (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:171 (Madagascar;
revision). – As Dasyproctus ferox: Leclercq, 1954c:258
(new combination, listed), 1958a:39 (in key), 63 (additional description),
1961b:87 (additional Madagascan records), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); R.
Bohart and Menke, 1976:420 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:225 and 237 (in
key), 250 (bibliographic references), 1991d:19 (summary of collecting
localities); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in
checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
Crabro
immanis de Saussure, 1892:581, . Syntypes: ,
Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG). Synonymized with
Crabro ferox by Arnold, 1945:171. – Dalla Torre, 1897:604
(in catalog of world Sphecidae).
lambertoni
Leclercq
Dasyproctus
lambertoni Leclercq, 1958a:63, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fanovana District:
Madag (USNM). – Leclercq, 1958a:38 (in key), 63, 1961d:117 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:224 and 236
(in key, ), 252 (bibliographic
reference; Madagascar: Angavoleky), 1991d:24 (summary of collecting
localities).
saevus
(de Saussure)
Crabro
saevus de Saussure, 1892:579,
. Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo area (MHNG).
– Dalla Torre, 1897:624 (in catalog of world Sphecidae); Arnold,
1945:172 (Madagascar; redescription). – As Dasyproctus saevus:
Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed), 1958a:54 (in key), 86
(diagnostic characters); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed); Leclercq,
1990a:233, 234, 238, and 239 (in key), 252 (bibliographic references),
1991d:28 (relation to medicus, summary of collecting localities).
Thyreopus
stevensoni Arnold, 1926:369, ,
(as Stevensoni, incorrect original capitalization), primary homonym
of Thyreopus stevensoni Arnold, 1926:344. Syntypes: Zimbabwe:
Bulawayo (SAM). Synonymized with Dasyproctus saevus by Leclercq,
1990a:253. – As Crabro stevensoni: Arnold, 1940:135
(new combination, preoccupied). – As Dasyproctus stevensoni:
Schouteden, 1930:94 (new combination, Zaire); Leclercq, 1954c:260 (listed),
1958a:51 (in key), 88 (diagnostic characters), 1961b:82 (Zaire: Garamba
National Park); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed).
Crabro
stevensonianus Arnold, 1940:135 (as Stevensonianus, incorrect
original capitalization). Replacement name for Thyreopus stevensoni
Arnold, 1926:369. – As Dasyproctus stevensonianus:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (as synonym of Dasyproctus stevensoni);
Dollfuss, 1990a:122 (Central African Republic, as stephensonianus).
Crabro
stevensonianus occidentalis Arnold, 1951:164, .
Holotype: , Ghana: Aburi (BMNH). Synonymized with Dasyproctus
stevensoni by Leclercq, 1954c:259.
saussurei
(Kohl)
Crabro
saussurei Kohl, 1894:282,
(as Saussurei, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or
syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific
locality (NHMW). – Dalla Torre, 1897:624 (in catalog of world Sphecidae);
W. Schulz, 1911:185 (as new synonym of Crabro crudelis); Arnold,
1945:174 (synonymy with Crabro crudelis invalid). – As
Dasyproctus saussurei: Leclercq, 1954c:261
(new combination, listed), 1958a:50 (in key), 75 (listed; female head
longer than in other Dasyproctus), 1961b:87 (Madagascar: Mailaka);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed); Dollfuss, 1989:9 (holotype in
NHMW); Leclercq, 1990a:234 and 242 (in key), 254 (bibliographic references),
1991d:31 (relations to crudelis, summary of collecting localities).
Crabro
infrarugosus Arnold, 1945:173, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Rogez (MNHN). Synonymized with Dasyproctus
saussurei by Leclercq, 1958a:75. – As Dasyproctus infrarugosus:
Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed).
DAYCATINCA
Daycatinca
Argaman, 1985:7. Type species: Heterogyna fantsilotra Day, 1984,
by original designation.
Daya
Antropov and Gorbatovskiy, 1992:58 (as subgenus of Heterogyna).
Type species: Heterogyna madecassa Day, 1984, by original designation.
Key:
Argaman, 1985:10
fantsilotra
(Day)
Heterogyna
fantsilotra Day, 1984:306, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: Bereboka (BMNH). –
As Daycatinca fantsilotra: Argaman, 1985:8 (new combination),
10 (in key).
madecassa
(Day)
Heterogyna
madecassa Day, 1984:305, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: Bereboka (BMNH).
– As Daycatinca madecassa: Argaman, 1985:8 (new combination),
10, 11 (in key)..
ravenala
(Day)
Heterogyna
ravenala Day, 1984:306, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave: Périnet, now Andasibé
(BMNH). – As Daycatinca ravenala: Argaman, 1985:8
(new combination), 10, 11 (in key).
DOLICHURUS
Dolichurus
Latreille, 1809:387. Type species: Pompilus corniculus Spinola,
1808, designated by Latreille, 1810:438.
Thyreosphex
Ashmead, 1904:282. Type species: Thyreosphex stantoni Ashmead,
1904, by monotypy.
secundus
de Saussure
Dolichurus
secundus de Saussure, 1892:450, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo
(MHNG). – Kohl, 1893d:510 (revision); Dalla Torre, 1897:371 (listed);
Arnold, 1945:83 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1961d:101 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:69 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar),
Madl, 1997:819 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island) 821 (in checklist of
Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
Dolichurus
tertius de Saussure, 1892:452, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province
(MHNG). Synonymized with Dolichurus secundus by Arnold, 1945:83.
– Kohl, 1893d:512 (revision); Dalla Torre, 1897:371 (listed).
ECTEMNIUS
Ectemnius
Dahlbom, 1845:389. Type species: "E. guttatus, Dahlb."
[= Crabro guttatus of Dahlbom, 1845 = Crabro guttatus
Vander Linden, 1829], designated by Ashmead, 1899d:172.
Clytochrysus
A. Morawitz, 1864:453. Type species: Crabro chrysostomus Lepeletier
de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835 [= Crabro lapidarius Panzer,
1804], designated by Richards, 1935a:168.
Thyreocerus
A. Costa, 1871:65. Type species: Crabro crassicornis Spinola,
1808, by monotypy.
Mesocrabro
C. Verhoeff, 1892:70. Type species: Crabro guttatus Vander Linden,
1829, designated by Pate, 1937c:38.
Hypocrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:168. Type species: Crabro decemmaculatus Say,
1823, by original designation.
Nesocrabro
R. Perkins, 1899:25. Type species: Crabro rubrocaudatus Blackburn,
1887, designated by Pate, 1937c:42.
Pseudocrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro chrysarginus of Lepeletier
de Saint Fargeau, 1845 [= Crabro chrysargyrus Lepeletier de Saint
Fargeau and Brullé, 1835 = Crabro decemmaculatus Say, 1823],
by original designation.
Xestocrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro sexmaculatus Say, 1823
[= Crabro continuus Fabricius, 1804], by original designation.
Xylocrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro stirpicola Packard,
1866, by original designation.
Metacrabro
Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro kollari Dahlbom, 1845
[= Crabro lituratus Panzer, 1804, by original designation.
Protothyreopus
Ashmead, 1899d:170. Type species: Crabro rufifemur Packard, 1866,
by original designation.
Oreocrabro
R. Perkins, 1902:146. Type species: Crabro abnormis Blackkburn,
1886, by original designation.
Hylocrabro
R. Perkins, 1902:147. Type species: Crabro tumidoventris R. Perkins,
1899, by original designation.
Melanocrabro
R. Perkins, 1902:147. Type species: Crabro curtipes R. Perkins,
1899, by original designation.
Xenocrabro
R. Perkins, 1902:148. Type species: Crabro unicolor F. Smith,
1856, by original designation.
Lophocrabro
Rohwer, 1916b:667. Type species: Crabro singularis F. Smith,
1856 [= Vespa maculosa Gmelin, 1790], by original designation.
Merospis
Pate, 1941c:121. Type species: Ectemnius cyanauges Pate, 1941,
by original designation and monotypy.
Cameronitus
Leclercq, 1950b:14. Type species: Ectemnius menyllus (Cameron,1905)
[= Crabro menyllus Cameron, 1905, by original designation and
monotypy.
Protectemnius
Leclercq, 1951j:105. Type species: Crabro tabanicida Fischer,
1929, by original designation and monotypy.
Yanonius
Tsuneki, 1956e:129. Type species: Crabro martjanowi F. Morawitz,
1892, by original designation and monotypy.
Policrabro
Leclercq, 1958c:106. Type species: Crossocerus krusemani Leclercq,
1950, by original designation.
Iwataia
Tsuneki, 1959e:8. Type species: Crabro furuichii Iwata, 1934,
by original designation and monotypy.
Leocrabro
Leclercq, 1968e:300. Type species: Ectemnius leonesus Leclercq,
1968, by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Protectemnius
Leclercq, 1951:105 by Leclercq, 1991b:26.
Ceratocrabro
Tsuneki, 1970f:1. Type species: Ectemnius shimoyamai Tsuneki,
1958, by original designation and monotypy.
Papuacrabro
Tsuneki, 1983h:22, as subgenus of Ectemnius. Type species: Ectemnius
papuanus Tsuneki, 1983, by original designation and monotypy.
Metactemnius
Tsuneki, 1984b:34, as subgenus of Ectemnius. Type species: Ectemnius
apo Tsuneki, 1984, by original designation and monotypy.
Spadicocrabro
Tsuneki, 1990b:100. Type species: Crabro nitobei Matsumura, 1912,
by original designation and monotypy. Established as genus, treated
as a subgenus of Ectemnius by Leclercq, 1999:9.
praeclarus
(Arnold)
Crabro
praeclarus Arnold, 1945:181, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN). – As Ectemnius praeclarus:
Leclercq, 1954c:269 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:427 (listed); Leclercq, 1999:12 (in key to subgenera and species
groups of Ectemnius).
Dasyproctus
sakalavus Leclercq, 1967b:68, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Aninoravo (MNHN). Synonymized
with Ectemnius praeclarus by Leclercq, 1989c:51. – R. Bohart
Menke, 1976:421 (listed).
seyrigi
(Arnold)
Crabro
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:183,
,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Ivondro (MNHN). – Arnold, 1958:137 (belongs to subgenus Metacrabro
in Leclercq's system). – As Ectemnius seyrigi: Leclercq,
1954c:269 (new combination, listed), 1961d:118 (belongs to subgenus
Iwataia; Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:428 (listed);
Leclercq, 1989c:52 (variation).
slateri
nigrescens (Arnold)
Crabro
slateri nigrescens Arnold, 1945:183, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). –
As Ectemnius slateri nigrescens: R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:428 (listed).
ENTOMOGNATHUS
Entomognathus
Dahlbom, 1844:295. Type species: Crabro revis Vander Linden,
1829, by monotypy.
Koxinga
Pate, 1944b:341. Type species: Entomognathus siraiyae Pate, 1944,
by original designation and monotypy.
Mashona
Pate, 1944b:341. Type species: Thyreopus apiformis Arnold, 1926,
by original designation and monotypy.
Toncahua
Pate, 1944b:341. Type species: Entomognathus texanus Cresson,
1887, by original designation and monotypy.
Florkinus
Leclercq, 1956b:2. Type species: Florkinus evolutionis Leclercq,
1956, by original designation and monotypy.
Bihargnathus
Leclercq, 1977a:452, as subgenus of Entomognathus. Type species:
Encopognathus itinerus Leclercq, 1977, by original designation.
arnoldi
Bohart and Menke
Crabro
tridens Arnold, 1945:165,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). Primary homonym of Crabro
tridens Fabricius, 1798, a junior synonym of Oxybelus uniglumis
(Linnaeus, 1758). – As Entomognathus tridens: Leclercq,
1954c:202 (new combination, listed), 1961b:72 (Madagascar; description
of ), 1997b:115 (in key), 120 (bibliographic
references, faunal records, tentatively assigned to subgenusMashona).
Entomognathus
arnoldi Bohart and Menke, 1976:382. Replacement name for Crabro
tridens Arnold.
diversicornis
(Arnold)
Crabro
diversicornis Arnold, 1945:168, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Entomognathus diversicornis:
Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:382 (listed); Leclercq, 1997b:118 (in key), 121 (bibliographic
references, correction to original description).
faunus
(Arnold)
Crabro
faunus Arnold, 1945:166, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Entomognathus faunus:
Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:382 (listed), 1997b:115 (in key).
midas
(Arnold)
Crabro
midas Arnold, 1945:161,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara (MNHN). – As Entomognathus
midas: Leclercq, 1954c:203 (new combination, new combination,
listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed; as midus); Leclercq,
1997b:116 (in key); Leclercq, 1997b:116 (in key), 124 (bibliographic
references).
mimicus
(Arnold)
Crabro
mimicus Arnold, 1945:163,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Entomognathus mimicus:
Leclercq, 1954c:203 (new combination, listed), 303 (nest and prey records);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed); Leclercq, 1997b:116 (in key),
124 (bibliographic references).
ruficaudatus
(Arnold)
Crabro
ruficaudatus Arnold, 1945:164, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro, Rogez (MNHN). – As Entomognathus
ruficaudatus: Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed),
1961b:71 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed); Leclercq,
1997b:115, 119 (in key), 128 (bibliographic references, tentatively
assigned to subgenus Mashona).
GASTROSERICUS
Gastrosericus
Spinola, 1839:480. Type species: Gastrosericus waltlii Spinola,
1839, by monotypy. – As Gasterosericus (unjustified emendation
or misspelling): Dahlbom, 1845:467; Brauns, 1906:49, 51, 52.
Eparmatostethus
Kohl, 1907:167. Type species: Eparmatostethus madecassus Kohl,
1907, by monotypy. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Arnold,
1927:116. – As Eparmostethus (misspelling): Pate, 1937:26,
Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.
Paralellopsis
Maidl, 1914b:147. Type species: Paralellopsis africana Maidl,
1914 [= Gastrosericus neavei Turner, 1913], by original designation
and monotypy. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Arnold, 1922:114.
– As Parallelopsis (misspelling): Turner, 1916:258; Pate,
1937:47.
Dinetomorpha
Gussakovskij, 1931:451. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13b).
Gastrargyron
Gussakovskij, 1931:451. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13b).
Dinetomorpha
Pate, 1937:22, Article 13a (ii) (as Dinetomorpha Gussakovskij,
1931, a subgenus of Gastrosericus). Type species: Gastrosericus
flavicornis Gussakovskij, 1931 [= Gastrosericus electus
Nurse, 1903], designated by Pate, 1937:22. Validation of Gussaskovskij's
(1931:451) name. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Bohart and
Menke, 1976:43.
Gastrargyron
Pate, 1937:28, Article 13a (ii) (as Gastrargyron Gussakovskij,
1931, a subgenus of Gastrosericus). Type species: Gastrosericus
marginalis Gussakovskij, 1931, designated by Pate, 1937:22. Validation
of Gussaskovskij's (1931:451) name. Synonymized with Gastrosericus
by Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.
madecassus
(Kohl)
Eparmatostethus
madecassus Kohl, 1907:169, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Taolanaro (ZIN),
examined. – Pate, 1937:26 (misspelled as Eparmostethus).
– In Gastrosericus: Arnold, 1927:116 (Eparmatostethus
synonymized with Gastrosericus), 1945:92 (ó); Leclercq, 1960:96
(Madagascar: Behara); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:256 (listed); Leclercq,
1990:115 (Madagascar: Bekily); Pulawski, 1995b:85 (revision).
zoyphion
Pulawski
Gastrosericus
zoyphion Pulawski, 1995b:169, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: 5 km N Toliara
(CAS).
HARPACTUS
Arpactus
Jurine, 1807:192, junior homonym of Arpactus Panzer, 1805, and
of Arpactus Panzer, 1806. Type species: Arpactus formosus
Jurine, 1807, designated by Shuckard, 1837:220.
Harpactus
Shuckard, 1837:221. Emendation of Arpactus Jurine, 107. As noted
by Pulawski (1985:59), Shuckard emended Arpactus on linguistic
grounds, thus creating an available new name, with its own date and
author (Articles 19 and 33.2). Since Harpactus is an emendation,
it has the same type-species as Arpactus Jurine (Article 67.8).
Harpactes
Dahlbom, 1843:147, junior homonym of Harpactes Swainson, 1837
(Aves), and of Harpactes Templeton, 1834 (Arachnida). Emendation
of Harpactus Shuckard.
Dienoplus
W. Fox, 1894a:548. Type species: Dienoplus pictifrons W. Fox,
1894, by monotypy.
histrio
(de Saussure)
Harpactes
histrio de Saussure, 1892:530, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano:
Anosibé (MHNG). – As Gorytes histrio: Handlirsch,
1895:907 (new combination, redescription); Dalla Torre, 1897:542 (listed);
Arnold, 1945:57 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar).
– As Dienoplus histrio: R. Bohart in Bohart
and Menke, 1976:496 (new combination, listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar;
variation).
HOLOTACHYSPHEX
Holotachysphex
de Beaumont, 1940:179. Type species: Tachysphex holognathus Morice,
1897, by monotypy.
Phytosphex
Arnold, 1951:153. Type species: Tachysphex turneri Arnold, 1923,
by original designation.
Haplognatha
Gussakovskij, 1952:248. Type species: Haplognatha prosopigastroides
Gussakovskij, 1952, by original designation and monotypy.
sacalava
(Arnold)
Tachysphex
turneri sacalava Arnold, 1945:106, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific locality
(MNHN). – As Holotachysphex sacalava: Menke
in Bohart and Menke, 1976:282 (new combination, new status, listed);
Pulawski, 1992a:234 (revision).
HOPLISOIDES
Hoplisoides
Gribodo, 1884d:276. Type species: Hoplisoides intricans Gribodo,
1884, by monotypy.
Icuma
Cameron, 1905b:21. Type species: Icuma sericea Cameron, 1905,
by monotypy [= Gorytes vespoides F. Smith, 1873]. Synonymized
with Hoplisoides by R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:53
bipustulatus
(Arnold)
Gorytes
bipustulatus Arnold, 1945:55,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:100
(Madagascar). – As Hoplisoides bipustulatus: R. Bohart
in Bohart and Menke, 1976:520 (new combination, listed); Leclercq,
1990b:119 (Madagascar; prey: Tettigometridae).
HOVANYSSON
Hovanysson
Arnold, 1945:52. Type species: Brachystegus camelus Arnold, by
original designation.
albibarbis
(Arnold)
Nysson
albibarbis Arnold, 1945:51, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antananarivo, Bekily (MNHN). – As Hovanysson
albibarbis: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:472 (new
combination, listed).
camelus
(Arnold)
Brachystegus
camelus Arnold, 1945:53, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Fort Dauphin, Ivondro (MNHN).
– Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar). – As Hovanysson
camelus: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:472 (new
combination, listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda,
and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).
ISODONTIA
Isodontia
Patton, 1880a:380. Type species: Isodontia philadelphica (Lepeletier,
1845) [= Sphex philadelphicus Lepeletier, 1845], by original
designation.
Leontosphex
Arnold, 1945:90. Type species: Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890,
by original designation.
Murrayella
R. Bohart and Menke, 1963:137. Type species: Sphex elegans F.
Smith, 1856, by original designation.
leonina
(de Saussure)
Sphex
leoninus de Saussure, 1890: pl. 19, fig. 6, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar:
no specific locality (MHNG). – Kohl, 1895:50 (revision); Berland,
1926c:282 (Madagascar: locality records); Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar).
– As Isodontia leonina: Menke in Bohart and
Menke, 1976:123 (new combination, listed).
Sphex
leoninus de Saussure, 1891:259, . Objective synonym
of Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890. – Leclercq, 1961d:108
(Madagascar). – As Chlorion leoninum: Arnold, 1945:90
(Madagascar; redescription).
Sphex
leoninus de Saussure, 1892:431, ,
(as leonina, incorrect original termination). Objective synonym
of Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890.
LARRA
Larra Fabricius,
1793:220. Type species: Larra ichneumoniformis Fabricius, 1793
[= Sphex anathema Rossi, 1790], designated by Latreille, 1810:438.
Larrana
Rafinesque, 1815:124. Emendation or new name for Larra Fabricius,
1793.
Lara Drapiez,
1819:54. Lapsus or emendation of Larra Fabricius, 1793. [Lara
LeConte, 1852, is a junior homonym]
Monomatium
Shuckard, 1840:181, no included species. Type species: Larraxena
princeps F. Smith, 1851, designated by Pate, 1935:246 (first included
species).
Lyrops Dahlbom,
1843:132, junior homonym of Lyrops Illiger, 1807. Type species:
Tachytes paganus Dahlbom, 1843, by monotypy.
Larraxena
F. Smith, 1851:30. Type species: Larraxena princeps F. Smith,
1851, by monotypy.
Larrada
F. Smith, 1856:273. Type species: Larrada anathema (Rossi, 1790)
[= Sphex anathema Rossi, 1790], by original designation.
Cratolarra
Cameron, 1900a:34. Type species: Cratolarra femorata Cameron,
1900, secondary homonym of Larra femorata (de Saussure, 1854),
by monotypy. Treated as subgenus of Larra by Menke in
Bohart and Menke, 1976:42.
betsilea
de Saussure
Larra
betsilea de Saussure, 1887:17,
(as Betsilea, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or
syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG or MNHN). – de Saussure, 1892:488 (Madagascar,
redescription, description of ); Arnold, 1945:114 (Madagascar; redescription);
Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar), 1961d:121 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:237 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 116 (Madagascar).
heydenii
(de Saussure)
Notogonia
heydenii de Saussure, 1890:pl.12, fig. 18, (as Heydenii, incorrect original
capitalization). Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:115 (Madagascar; redescription);
Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed);
Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 116 (Madagascar).
Notogonia
heidenii de Saussure, 1891:261(as Heydenii, incorrect original
capitalization). Objective synonym of Larra heydenii de Saussure,
1890.
Larra
heydenii de Saussure, 1892:494,
, ,
Syntypes: Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province and Imerina Province
(MHNG). Objective synonym of Larra heydenii de Saussure, 1890.
madecassa
de Saussure
Larra
madecassa de Saussure, 1887:17, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG
or MNHN). – de Saussure, 1892:496 (Madagascar, redescription);
Arnold, 1945:116 (Madagascar; redescription); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:238 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 116 (Madagascar).
saussurei
Kohl
Larra
prismatica de Saussure, 1887:17,
, primary homonym of Larra prismatica F. Smith, 1857 (now in
Bembecinus). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN).
– Arnold, 1945:114 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:97
(Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar).
Larra
saussurei Kohl, 1892:219, (as Saussurei,
incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific
locality (NHMW). Synonymized with Larra prismatica de Saussure
by W. Schulz, 1911:190. – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed);
Dollfuss, 1989:10 (type material in NHMW); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key),
117 (Madagascar).
variipes
de Saussure
Larra
carbonaria de Saussure, 1892:491, , secondary homonym of Larra carbonaria
(F. Smith, 1858). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG).
Larra
variipes de Saussure, 1892:493, . Syntypes: ,
Madagascar: Andrangoloaka and Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG). – W.
Schulz, 1911:190 (as new synonym of Larra prismatica de Saussure);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key),
117 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821
(in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
Larra
carbunculus Dalla Torre, 1897. Replacement name for Larra carbonaria
de Saussure, 1892. – Arnold, 1945:116 (Madagascar; redescription,
as valid species); Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar).
LIRIS
Liris
Fabricius, 1804:227. Type species: Sphex auratus Fabricius, 1787,
designated by Patton, 1880b:386.
Lirisis
Rafinesque, 1815:124. Emendation or replacement name for Liris
Fabricius, 1804.
Notogonia
A. Costa, 1867b:82, junior homonym of Notogonia Perty, 1850 (Crustacea).
Type species: Tachytes niger of Vander Linden, 1829 [= Larra
nigra of Latreille, 1805 = Pompilus niger of Panzer, 1799
= Sphex niger Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy.
Motes
Kohl, 1897a:351. Type species: "Notogonia odontophora Kohl,
1892" [= Larra odontophora Kohl, 1894], designated by Pate,
1837c:41.
Caenolarra
Cameron, 1900a:28. Type species: Caenolarra appendiculata Cameron,
1900 [= Spanolarra rufitarsis Cameron, 1900], secondary homonym
of Liris appendiculatus (Taschenberg, 1870) by monotypy.
Leptolarra
Cameron, 1900a:29. Type species: Leptolarra reticulata Cameron,
1900, secondary homonym of Liris reticulatus (de Saussure, 1892)
[= Leptolara reticuloides Richards, 1935 = Liris nigricans
reticuloides (Richards)], designated by Richards, 1935a:164.
Spanolarra
Cameron, 1900a:32. Type species: Spanolarra rufitarsis Cameron,
1900, by monotypy.
Notogonius
Howard, 1901:pl. 6, fig. 1 (June). Lapsus for Notogonia A. Costa.
Bohart and Menke (1976:43) write the following: There are numerous spelling
errors in Howard's book, and we regard Notogonius as a lapsus
for Notogonia Costa. This wiev was also shared by G.E. Bohart
(1951:954) who nevertheless recognized Notogonius nigripennis
(W. Fox) as type species, an unnecessary action. The specimen figured
by Howard is in the U.S. National Museum and is Liris argentatus
(Palisot de Beauvois), not nigripennis.
Chrysolarra
Cameron, 1901b:118 (Aug.). Type species: Chrysolarra appendiculata
Cameron, 1901, secondary homonym of Liris appendiculatus (Taschenberg,
1870), designated by Pate, 1837c:18.
Notogonidea
Rohwer, 1911d:234. Replacement name for Notogonia A. Costa, 1867.
Dociliris
Tsuneki, 1967b:26, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Larrada
subtessellata F. Smith, 1856, by original designation. Synonymized
with Leptolarra Cameron, 1900, by Menke in Bohart and
Menke, 1976:43.
Nigliris
Tsuneki, 1967b:27, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Notogonia
japonica Kohl, 1885 [= Liris festinans japonicus (Kohl),
by original designation. Synonymized with Leptolarra by Menke
in Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.
Colloliris
Tsuneki, 1974b:612, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Notogonidea
negrosensis F. Williams, 1928, by original designantion and monotypy.
Synonymized with Leptolarra by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:629.
Pitaliris
Tsuneki, 1982e:26, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Cratolarra
pitamawa Rohwer, 1916, original designation.
alaris (de
Saussure)
Notogonia
alaris de Saussure, 1892:503, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo
or Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG), designated by Leclercq, 1961d:113
(specific locality not indicated). – As Liris alaris:
Arnold, 1945:125 (Madagascar; redescription); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244
(listed).
antaka (de
Saussure)
Notogonia
antaka de Saussure, 1890: pl.19, fig. 7, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar:
no specific locality (MHNG). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244 (listed).
Notogonia
ancara de Saussure, 1891:260,
. Objective synonym of Notogonia antaka de Saussure, 1890. Lectotype:
, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), unnecessary designation by
Leclercq, 1961d:113 (as antaca).
Notogonia
antaca de Saussure, 1892:505, .
Emendation of Notogonia antaka and ancara. – Bischoff,
1913c:73 (Zimbabwe: Bulawayo); von Schulthess in Friederichs,
1918:47 (Madagascar: Diego Suarez); Berland, 1925c:154 (Angola); Arnold,
1929c:394 (as synonym of Notogonidea radialis). – As
Motes antaca: Leclercq, 1961d:113 (Madagascar). – As
Liris antaca: Arnold, 1945:126 (Madagascar: Behara; redescription).
avellanipes
(de Saussure)
Notogonia
avellanipes de Saussure, 1890: pl. 19, fig. 8. Holotype: , illustrated specimen , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG). – As Liris avellanipes:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244 (listed).
Notogonia
avellanipes de Saussure, 1891:261,
. Objective synonym of Notogonia avaellanipes de Saussure, 1890.
Lectotype:
, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), unnecessary designation by
Leclercq, 1961d:112. – de Saussure, 1892:508 (Madagascar; redescription);
Arnold, 1945:122 (Madagascar; redescription). – As Motes
avellanipes: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar).
brunnipennis
Arnold
Liris
brunnipennis Arnold, 1945:130, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244
(listed); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist
of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae). – As Motes brunnipennis:
Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:115 (Madagascar).
cowani (W.F.
Kirby)
Larrada
cowani W.F. Kirby, 1883:200, sex not indicated (as Cowani,
incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific
locality (BMNH). – As Liris cowani: R. Turner, 1916b:249
(new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).
Liris
jocositarsa de Saussure, 1887:18, ,
incorrect original termination. Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG). Synonymized with Liris cowani –
de Saussure, 1892:515 (Madagascar, redescription); Kohl, 1892:226 (E
), 227 (in key). – As Liris haemorrhoidalis race jocositarsa:
Arnold, 1945:117 (Madagascar; redescription). – As Liris
haemorrhoidalis jocositarsa: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar),
1961d:112 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed); Madl,
Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:832 (Seychelles Islands)..
Liris
pedestris de Saussure, 1892:517,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antananarivo and Anosibé in Tamatave Province
(MHNG). Synonymized with Liris cowani by R. Turner, 1916b:249
and with Liris haemorrhoidalis var. jocositarsa by Arnold,
1945. – de Beaumont, 1961f:222 (valid name for Liris haemorrhoidalis
race jocositarsa of Arnold, 1945).
crepitans
Leclercq
Liris
crepitans Leclercq, 1967b:65, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Maevatanatoa (MNHN). –
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).
cubitalis
(de Saussure)
Notogonia
cubitalis de Saussure, 1887:17, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG or MNHN). – de Saussure, 1892:513 (Madagascar,
redescription). – As Liris cubitalis: R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:245 (listed; type locality given as Mauritius).
dejectus
Arnold
Liris
dejecta Arnold, 1945:129, ,
,
incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed). – As Motes
dejecta: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:115 (Madagascar).
dyscheirus
(de Saussure)
Notogonia
dyscheira de Saussure, 1892:510, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Imerina Province:
no specific locality (MHNG). – As Larra dyscheira:
Kohl in Dalla Torre, 1897:666 (listed, as dasycheira).
– As Motes dyscheira: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar),
1961d:113 (unnecessary designation of lectotype). – As Liris
dyscheira: Arnold, 1945:123 (Madagascar, redescription; description
of , new combination); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:245 (listed).
ganahlii
(Dalla Torre)
Notogonia
rufipes de Saussure, 1892:511, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo
(MHNG). – As Larra rufipes: Kohl in Dalla
Torre, 1987:672 (new combination, listed). – As Motes rufipes:
Leclercq, 1961d:116 (Madagascar). – As Liris rufipes:
Arnold, 1945:133 (Madagascar).
Larra
ganahlii Dalla Torre, 1897:511 (as Ganahlii, incorrect original
capitalization). Replacement name for Larra rufipes (de Saussure,
1892), secondary homonym of Larra rufipes (F. Smith, 1858). –
As Liris ganahlii: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).
gracilicornis
(Arnold)
Notogonidea
gracilicornis Arnold, 1923b:250, . Holotype: , Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (SAM).
– Arnold, 1929c:397 (description of ), 1945:132 (Madagascar). – As Liris
gracilicornis: Arnold, 1951:160 (Ghana: Labadi); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:245 (listed); Dollfuss, 1993a:693 (Central African Republic:
Kembe).
incertus
Arnold
Liris
incerta Arnold, 1945:127, ,
incorrect original termination. Syntypes: , Madagascar: Behara, Bekily,
Ranomafana, Rogez (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).
– As Motes incerta: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar),
1961d:113 (Madagascar; comparison with Liris dejectus).
keiseri
(Leclercq)
Motes
keiseri Leclercq, 1961d:114. Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave Province: Fampanambo
(MHNB). – As Liris: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246
(listed).
memnonius
coloripes Arnold
Motes
radialis coloripes Arnold, 1940:123, sex not indicated. Syntypes:
Madagascar: no specific locality (SAM). – As Motes setigera
coloripes: Leclercq, 1961d:115 (Madagascar). – As Liris
setigera coloripes: Arnold, 1945:129 (Madagascar: Behara, redescription);
Leclercq, 1961d:115 (Madagascar). – As Liris memnonia coloripes:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).
minimus
(Arnold)
Notogonidea
minima Arnold, 1923b:249, ,
.
Holotype: sex not indicated, Zimbabwe: Bulawayo or Hopefountain (SAM).
– Arnold, 1929c:397 (description of ), 1945:132 (Madagascar). – As Liris
minima: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).
nigricans
(Walker)
Larrada
nigricans Walker, 1871:21, , . Syntypes: Egypt: Cairo (BMNH). – As
Notogonia nigricans: R. Turner, 1917b:319 (new combination;
one syntype in BMNH; Egypt, Gibraltar, Cabo Verde Islands); Richards,
1928a:362 (in revision of Mediterranean species); Gussakovskij, 1938:7
(China: Kiangsu Province); Giner Marí, 1947:25 (Western Sahara), 1959:388
(Morocco: Fès; determination?). – As Leptolarra nigricans:
Guiglia, 1937:186 (Libya: Cyrenaica; redescription); de Beaumont, 1940a:18
(Egypt). – As Motes nigricans: Guiglia, 1942b:233
(Libya). – As Liris nigricans: de Beaumont, 1947b:390
(Cyprus), 1950d:14 (Egypt: Siwa oasis); de Pittioni, 1950:24 (Cyprus);
Beaumont, 1955a:171 (Morocco), 1956a:196 (Libya; Chad: Tibesti), 1956d:2
(Cabo Verde Islands), 1958b:60 (Algeria: Tassili des Ajjer); Suárez
in Giner Marí, 1959:400 (Liris nigricans is the correct
name for Notogonia nigricans of Giner Marí, 1959:388); de Beaumont,
1960b:237 (Libya), 1961e:4 (Iraq), 1961f:234 (revision), 1967a:330 (Turkey),
1968a:261 (Canary Islands: Gran Canaria); Simon Thomas, 1969a:120 (Canary
Islands: Tenerife); de Beaumont, 1970a:400 (Afghanistan); de Beaumont,
Bytinski-Salz and Pulawski, 1973:5 (Israel); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246
(listed); Georghiou, 1977:190 (Cyprus); Báez and Ortega, 1978:192 (Canary
Islands); Guichard, 1978:271 (first record from Greece); Kazenas, 1978b:102,
103 (in key to Sphecidae of Kazakhstan and Central Asia); Guichard,
1980:227 (Oman); Islamov, 1986:524 (Uzbekistan: Tashkent Oblast); Gayubo
and Mingo, 1988:74 (Spain); Dollfuss, 1993a:693 (Central African Republic:
Kembe); Hohmann, La Roche, Ortega, and Barquín, 1993:220 (detailed records
from Canary Islands); Simon Thomas and Wiering, 1993:404 (listed); Torregrosa,
Gayubo, Tormos, and Asís, 1993:18 (Spain: Alicante Province); Madl,
1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy
Boraha Sphecidae).
Notogonia
argyropyga A. Costa, 1875:16,
(nec
which = ?). Holotype (or syntypes): Egypt (Napoli). – Richards,
1928a:361 (as synonym of Notogonia memnonia); de Beaumont, 1961f:235
(study of type).
Notogonia
sculpturata Kohl, 1892:221, . Holotype: ,
Egypt: no specific locality (NHMW). Synonymized with Notogonia nigricans
by R. Turner, 1917b:319. – nec Antiga and Bofill, 1904:10, Mercet,
1910b:165, Berland, 1921, and Bernard, 1934a:62 (= Liris festinans
praetermissa); Morice, 1911:97 (Algeria: Alger, Biskra), 1921:79
(Iraq: Amara); Dollfuss, 1989:10 (type material in NHMW).
Notogonia
reticulata de Saussure, 1892:512,
, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo or Anosibé in
Bezanozano Province, or Imerina Province (MHNG), designated by Leclercq,
1961d:116 (specific locality not mentioned). – R. Turner, 1911b:370
(Seychelles Islands). – As Motes nigricans reticulata:
Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:116 (Madagascar). – As
Liris nigricans reticulata: Arnold, 1945:132 (Madagascar:
Bekily). – As Liris nigricans var. reticulata:
Arnold, 1951:160 (Ethiopia: Dilla).
Larra
jugurthae Gribodo, 1894b:22, , (as Jugurthae,
incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype: , "Algeria: Boghari, Biskra",
correctly: Tunisia: Tunis (Genova), designated by de Beaumont, 1950e:263.
Synonymized with Liris nigricans by Guiglia, 1937:186. –
de Beaumont, 1950e:263 (synonymy confirmed).
Larra
palumbula Kohl, 1894:304, . Holotype or syntypes:
, Cameroon: no specific locality (TMP). Synonymized with Notogonia
nigricans by Richards, 1928a:362, and with Notogonia reticulata
by Arnold, 1944:23. – As Notogonia palumbula: Kohl,
1906a:219 (new combination, Yemen: Socotra Island); R. Turner, 1917b:319
(merely the tropical race of nigricans). – As Notogonidea
nigricans, race palumbula: Arnold, 1923b:243 (revision);
Schouteden, 1930:91 (Zaire).
Notogonia
mahensis Cameron, 1907e:78, . Holotype: ,
Seychelles Islands: Mahé (BMNH), a headless specimen. Synonymized with
Notogonia reticulata by R. Turner, 1911b:370.
Notogonia
punctipleura Cameron, 1908a:285, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro: Kibonoto (NRS).
Synonymized with Notogonidea nigricans palumbula by R. Turner,
1917b:319.
radialis
(de Saussure)
Notogonia
radialis de Saussure, 1887:17, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality
(MHNG), designated by Arnold, 1940:123. – de Saussure, 1892:467
(Madagascar, redescription); nec Arnold, 1929:394 (= Liris memnonius);
Giordani Soika, 1939c:101 (Eritrea: Asmara). – As Motes radialis:
Arnold, 1940:123 (synonymy); Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:114
(Madagascar, illegal designation of lectotype). – As Leptolarra
radialis: Guiglia, 1939d:76 (Ethiopia: Sidamo: Malca Guba).
– As Liris radialis: Arnold, 1945:127 (Madagascar:
redescription and interpretation of the species); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:247 (listed).
Notogonia
radamae de Saussure, 1891:260,
(as Radamae, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or
syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific
locality (MHNG). Synonymized with Liris radialis by Leclercq,
1961d:114. – As Liris rqdamae: Arnold, 1945:127 (Madagascar,
redescription, as Radamae).
As
Notogonidea sepulchralis: Arnold, 1923b:244 (revision), corrected
to Notogonidea radialis by Arnold, 1929c:394.
sabrinus
(Leclercq)
Motes
sabrina Leclercq, 1961d:114,
. Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Province: Ihosy
(MHNB). – As Liris sabrina: R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:247 (new combination, listed).
scabriusculus
Arnold
Liris
scabriuscula Arnold, 1945:131, ,
incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (listed). – As Motes
scabriuscula: Leclercq, 1961d:115 (Madagascar).
sepulchralis
hova Arnold
Liris
sepulchralis hova Arnold, 1945:132, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (listed). – As Motes
sepulchralis hova: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:116
(Madagascar).
solstitialis
(F. Smith)
Larrada
solstitialis F. Smith, 1856:283, . Syntypes: , South Africa: Natal: Port
Natal (BMNH). – As Notogonidea solstitialis: Arnold,
1923b:238 (revision); Schouteden, 1930:92 (Zaire); Arnold, 1933a:352
(Ethiopia: Muger Valley). – As Motes solstitialis:
Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar). – As
Liris solstitialis: Arnold, 1945:121 (Madagascar; redescription;
new combination), 1951:159 (Ghana: Aburi, Accra); de Beaumont, 1961f:228
(revision), 1967b:508 (South Africa: Natal); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247
(listed).
Notogonia
femoralis de Saussure, 1887:17, .
Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG),
designated by Leclercq, 1961d:112. Synonymized with Motes solstitialis
by Leclercq, 1961d:112. – de Saussure, 1892:502 (Madagascar, redescription).
– As Larra femoralis: Kohl in Dalla Torre,
1897:667 (new combination, listed).
Notogonia
cnemophila Cameron, 1908a:288, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro: Kibonoto (NRS).
Synonymized with Notogonidea solstitialis by Arnold, 1923b:238.
utopicus
(Leclercq)
Motes
utopica Leclercq, 1961d:116, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Province: Infanadiana
(MHNB). – As Liris utopica: R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:248 (listed).
voeltzkowii
(Kohl)
Notogonia
voeltzkowii Kohl, 1909:372, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Tulear, now Toliara (ZMHU
or SIF). – As Motes voeltzkowii: Leclercq, 1960a:97
(new combination, forgotten by Arnold, 1945). – As Liris
voeltzkowii: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:248 (listed).
xanthopterus
Arnold
Liris
xanthoptera Arnold, 1945:121, ,
,
incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Fort Dauphin
(MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:248 (listed). – As
Motes xanthoptera: Leclercq, 1960a:98 (new combination, Madagascar).
LYRODA
Lyroda
Say, 1837:372. Type species: Lyroda subita Say: 1837, designated
by Patton, 1880b:386.
Morphota
F. Smith, 1856:293. Type species: Morphota fasciata F. Smith,
1856, designated by Pate, 1837c:41.
Odontolarra
Cameron, 1900a:35. Type species: Odontolarra rufiventris Cameron,
1900 [= Morphota formosa F. Smith, 1859], by monotypy.
Lyrodon
Howard, 1901:pl. 6, fig. 5. Lapsus for Lyroda Say, 1837. Junior
homonym of Lyrodon Goldfuss, 1837.
madecassa
Arnold
Lyroda
madecassa Arnold, 1945:91,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:97
(Madagascar), 1961d:108 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:299
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar).
MISCOPHUS
Miscophus
Jurine, 1807:206. Type species: Miscophus bicolor Jurine, 1807,
by monotypy.
Nitelopterus
Ashmead, 1897a:22. Type species: Nitelopterus slossonae Ashmead,
1897, by monotypy.
Hypomiscophus
Cockerell, 1898:321. Type species: Miscophus arenarum Cockerell,
1898, by original designation.
Miscophinus
Ashmead, 1898:187. Type species: Miscophus laticeps Ashmead,
1898, by original designation.
maculipes
Arnold
Miscophus
maculipes Arnold, 1945:136,
, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold,
1945:135 (in key); Leclercq, 1960a:997 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:318 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:86 (revision); Hancock, Chahwanda,
and Mhlanga, 1995:38 (paratypes in Bulawayo Museum).
seyrigi
Arnold
Miscophus
Seyrigi Arnold, 1945:135, ,
,
incorrect original capitalization. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– Arnold, 1945:135 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:319 (listed);
Lomholdt, 1985:79 (revision); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39
(paratype in Bulawayo Museum).
sordidatus
Arnold
Miscophus
sordidatus Arnold, 1945:137,
, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold,
1945:135 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:319 (listed); Lomholdt,
1985:98 (revision).
NEODASYPROCTUS
Neodasyproctus
Arnold, 1926:373. Type species: Thyreopus kohli Arnold, 1926,
by monotypy.
densepunctatus
(Arnold)
Crabro
densepunctatus Arnold, 1945:174, . Lectotype: Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN),
designated by Leclercq, 1999b:156. – As Neodasyproctus densepunctatus:
Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:156 (in revision of genus).
Neodasyproctus
ferrierei Leclercq, 1951h:333,
(as Ferrièrei, incorrect original capitalization and diacritic
mark). Holotype:
, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). Synonymized with Neodasyproctus
densepunctatus by Leclercq, 1996b:156. – Leclercq, 1954c:256
(listed), 1961b:89 (Madagascar, diagnostic characters); R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:419 (listed).
didynus
Leclercq
Neodasyproctus
didynus Leclercq, 1999b:157, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave: Didy
(FSAG).
eburneopictus
(Arnold)
Crabro
eburneopictus Arnold, 1945:175, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Ambositra (MNHN). –
As Neodasyproctus eburneopictus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new
combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq,
1999b:158 (in revision of genus).
isalonus
Leclercq
Neodasyproctus
isalonus Leclercq, 1999b:158, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa:
Isalo National Park: Analalva (FSAG).
protensus
(Arnold)
Crabro
protensus Arnold, 1945:178,
. Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara (MNHN). – As Neodasyproctus
protensus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R.
Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:159 (in revision
of genus).
remanus
Leclercq
Neodasyproctus
remanus Leclercq, 1999b:159, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Vohiparara
(FSAG).
striolatus
(Arnold)
Crabro
striolatus Arnold, 1945:176, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Neodasyproctus
striolatus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R.
Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:160 (in revision
of genus).
OXYBELUS
Oxybelus
Latreille, 1796:129, no included species. Type species: Crabro uniglumis
of Fabricius, 1775 [= Vespa uniglumis Linnaeus, 1758], designated
by Latreille, 1802b:343 (first included species).
Notoglossa
Dahlbom, 1845:514. Type species: Notoglossa sagittaria Dahlbom,
1845 [= Oxybelus lamellatus Olivier, 1811], by monotypy.
Alepidaspis
A. Costa, 1882b:35. Type species: Alepidaspis diphyllus A. Costa,
1882, by monotypy.
Anoxybelus
Kohl, 1924:274. Type species: Oxybelus maidli Kohl, 1924, by
monotypy.
Gonioxybelus
Minkiewicz, 1934:251. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13.3).
Orthoxybelus
Minkiewicz, 1934:251. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13.3).
Gonioxybelus
Pate, 1937c:28. Type species: Oxybelus nigripes Olivier, 1811
[= Apis trispinosa Fabricius, 1787], by original designation.
Orthoxybelus
Pate, 1937c:28. Type species: Vespa uniglumis Linnaeus, 1758,
by original designation.
Euoxybelus
Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1950:300. Not available: type species not designated
(Article 13.3).
Latroxybelus
Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1950:300. Type species: Oxybelus latro
Olivier, 1811, by monotypy.
cristatus
de Saussure
Oxybelus
cristatus de Saussure, 1892:559, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bezanozano Province:
Anosibé (MHNG). – Dalla Torre, 1897:640 (in catalog of world Sphecidae);
Arnold, 1945:187 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar),
1961d:118 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:367 (listed); Leclercq,
1990b:120 (Madagascar).
perornatus
Arnold
Oxybelus
perornatus Arnold, 1945:186,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:118 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:369 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).
subcristatus
de Saussure
Oxybelus
subcristatus de Saussure, 1892:561, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province:
Anosibé (MHNG). – Dalla Torre, 1897:648 (in catalog of world Sphecidae);
Arnold, 1945:188 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar),
1961d:118 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:369 (listed); Leclercq,
1990b:120 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island),
822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
PARAPIAGETIA
Parapiagetia
Kohl, 1897a:373. Type species: Piagetia odontostoma Kohl, 1884,
by original designation.
Lirosphex
Brèthes, 1913b:150. Type species: Tachysphex subpetiolatus Brèthes,
by original designation. Synonymized with Parapiagetia Kohl,
1896 by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:44.
Psammosphex
Gussakovskij, 1952:246. Type species: Tachysphex genicularis
F. Morawitz, 1890, by original designation.
longicornis
Arnold
Parapiagetia
longicornis Arnold, 1945:93, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Behara (MNHN),
designated by Pulawski, 1977b:639. – Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:281 (listed); Pulawski, 1977b:639 (revision);
Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar).
pluridentata
Arnold
Parapiagetia
pluridentata Arnold, 1945:94, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:281 (listed); Pulawski, 1977b:635 (revision).
PERICRABRO
Pericrabro
Leclercq, 1954c:219. Type species: Thyreopus sociabilis Arnold,
1932, by original designation and monotypy. Established as subgenus
of Crossocerus, raised to genus by Leclercq, 2000b.
sociabilis
(Arnold)
Thyreopus
sociabilis Arnold, 1932:27, .
Holotype: , Zimbabwe: Bulawayo: Hillside (SAM).
– Arnold, 1945:180 (Madagascar: Bekily). – As Crossocerus
sociabilis: Leclercq, 1954c:220 (new combination, type of new
subgenus Pericrabro), 304 (nest and prey records); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:403 (listed); Rodgers and Homewood, 1982:233 (Tanzania:
Usambara Mountains). – As Pericrabro sociabilis:
Leclercq, 2000b:160 (new combination, discussion of generic position).
PHILANTHUS
Philanthus
Fabricius, 1790:224. Type species: Philanthus coronatus Fabricius,
1790 [= Sphex coronatus Thunberg, 1784], designated by Shuckard,
1837:246.
Symblephilus
Panzer, 1806:171. Type species: Philanthus pictus Panzer, 1797
[= Vespa triangulum Fabricius, 1775], designated by Pate, 1937c:62.
Simblephilus
Jurine, 1807:185. Type species: Vespa triangulum Fabricius, 1775,
designated by Morice and Durrant, 1915:402.
Cheilopogonus
Westwood, 1834:441. Type species: Cheilopogonus punctiger Westwood,
1834 [= Vespa gibbosa Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy.
Philianthus
Guérin-Méneville, 1835:pl. 71, fig 8. Lapsus for Philanthus Fabricius,
1790.
Anthophilus
Dahlbom, 1844:190. Type species: Philanthus politus Say, 1824,
designated by Ashmead, 1899d:294.
Chilopogon
Kohl, 1897a:329. Emendation of Cheilopogonus Westwood, 1834.
Ephiphilanthus
Ashmead, 1899d:294. Type species: Philanthus solivagus Say, 1837,
by original designation.
Pseudophilanthus
Ashmead, 1899d:294. Type species: Philanthus ventilabris Fabricius,
1798, by original designation.
Oclocletes
Banks, 1913b:423. Type species: Philanthus sanbornii Cresson,
1865, by original designation.
Ococletes
Mickel, 1916a:407. Lapsus or emendation of Oclocletes Banks,
1913.
bimacula
de Saussure
Philanthus
bimacula de Saussure, 1891:261, (actually ). Holotype or syntypes:
, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:535
(Madagascar; redescription, as ); Arnold, 1945:16 (Madagascar); Leclercq,
1962b:209 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:564 (listed; as bimaculus),
565 (footnote: nomenclatorical history); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar,
as bimaculus).
Philanthus
immitis de Saussure, 1892:537,
. Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG). Synonymized
with Philanthus bimacula by W. Schulz, 1911b:173.
madagascariensis
Brethès
Philanthus
petiolatus de Saussure, 1892:538, ,
(incorrectly referred to as published in de Saussure, 1891). Syntypes:
Madagascar: Imerina Province: no specific locality (MHNG). Primary homonym
of Philanthus petiolatus Spinola, 1841 (now in Trachypus).
Philanthus
madagascariensis Brèthes, 1910:277. Replacement name for Philanthus
petiolatus de Saussure, 1892 (incorrectly referred to as published
in de Saussure, 1891). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:565 (listed);
Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).
Philanthus
ranavalonae Arnold, 1945:16 (as Ranavalonae , incorrect original
capitalization). Unnecessary replacement name for Philanthus petiolatus
de Saussure, 1892. – Arnold, 1945:16 (redescription); Madagascar);
Leclercq, 1962b:209 (Madagascar, variation).
radamae
Arnold
Philanthus
radamae Arnold, 1945:17,
,
. (as Radamae, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes:
Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and
Mhlanga, 1995:39 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).
triangulum
(Fabricius)
Vespa
ruspatrix Linnaeus, 1767:951, sex not indicated. Holotype: , Africa: no specific locality, probably
Algeria (Linnean Society, London). Suppressed by International Commission
on Zoological Nomenclature, 1990, Opinion 1578. – Gmelin, 1790:2758
(redescription); Christ, 1791:241 (redescription, as ruspatris);
de Saussure, 1855:105 (not a vespid); Day, 1979:71 (study of holotype;
possibility of suppression of the name in favor of triangulum);
Day and Fitton, 1978:194 (recuration of Linnean type material); Pulawski,
1988b:34 (petition to ICZN to suppress the name). – As Philanthus
ruspatrix: Menke, 1986b:21 (quotation of Day, 1979:71); Vikberg,
1986:78 (Finland).
Vespa
triangulum Fabricius, 1775:373, sex not indicated. Holotype: , Denmark: Copenhagen (ZMK), see van der
Vecht, 1961a:61. Synonymized with Philanthus ruspatrix by Day,
1779:71 and 80. Conserved by International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, 1990, Opinion 1578. – Gmelin, 1790:2758 (redescription);
van der Vecht, 1961a:61 (study of type); Pulawski, 1988b:34 (petition
to ICZN to conserve the name). – As Philanthus triangulum:
Fabricius, 1790:224 (new combination), 1793:289 (redescription), 1804:302
(redescription); Thunberg, 1815a:127 (diagnostic characters), 131 (redescription),
1815b:288 (diagnostic characters); Shuckard, 1837a:246 (in revision
of British Aculeata); von Siebold, 1839:53 (Germany: Danzig, now Poland:
Gdansk); Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:35 (revision); Eversmann,
1849:398 (Russia: Orenburg province and lower Volga area); Wesmael,
1852:268 (Belgium); Kawall, 1854:312 (Czechoslovakia); F. Smith, 1856:468
(listed); Kirchner, 1857:24 (Kurland, now Latvia); Ruthe and Stein,
1857:314 (Germany: Berlin area); Taschenberg, 1858:83 (Germany); Brischke,
1862:102 (Germany: Preussen Province, now Poland: Pomorze); Wierzejski,
1868 (Poland: Kraków, Pieniny Mts.; Ukraine: Lvov); A. Costa, 1869b:112
(in revision of Italian Philanthinae); Aichinger, 1870:316 (Austria:
Tirol); Thomson, 1870:241 (in revision of Swedish wasps); Ivanov, 1872:152
(Ukraine: Kharkov area); Bieletskij, 1873:80 (Ukraine: Kharkov area);
Wierzejski, 1874:260 (Poland: Kraków; Ukraine: Lvov, Podole); Marquet,
1875:204 (France: Haute-Garonne: Toulouse); Taschenberg, 1875:404 (Germany:
Halle; Italy: La Spezia; Egypt: no specific locality); Frivaldszky,
1876:354 (Hungary: Temes Komitat: Grebenácz, now in Timis District in
Romania); Schlechtendal, 1876:54 (Germany: Zwickau); Radoszkowski, 1877:52
(Uzbekistan?: Obburden); De Stefani Perez, 1882:39 (Italy: Sicilia:
Sciacca); A. Costa, 1883a:57 (Italy: Sardegna); Wüstnei, 1886:40 (Germany:
Schleswig-Holstein); Brischke, 1888b:98 (Poland: Pomorze); Radoszkowski,
1888a:324 (male genitalia); Kohl, 1891:365 (listed); Radoszkowski, 1891:579
(reference to Radoszkowski, 1888a); Kohl, 1883e:183 (Egypt: Cairo);
Baldini, 1894:61 (Italy: Modena area); De Stefani Perez, 1894:216 (Italy:
Sicilia); Krieger, 1894:13 (Germany: Kingdom of Saxony); De Stefani
Perez, 1895:227 (in catalog of Sicilian Hymenoptera); Lüderwaldt, 1897:31
(Poland: Pomorze); Ferton, 1899:336 (stinging prey just behind mouth);
E. Saunders, 1902b:143 (British Channel Islands); Antiga and Bofill,
1904:22 (Spain: Cataluña Province); Aurivillius, 1904:272 (in revision
of Swedish Sphecidae); E. Saunders, 1904c:607 (Spain: Mayorca), 639
(Spain); Zilahy Kiss, 1904:77 (Hungary); W. Schulz, 1905b:61 (Tunisia);
von Heyden, 1905:82 (Germany: Hessen); Kohl, 1906a:203 (Yemen: Aden,
Makalla); de Gaulle, 1908:120 (in catalog of French Hymenoptera); Kohl,
1909:373 (Tanzania: Mafia Island); Graeffe, 1911:47 (Italy: Trieste
area); Morice, 1911:93 (Algeria: abundant everywhere); Birula, 1912:544
(Ukraine: Radomysl near Kiev); Schirmer, 1912:168 (Germany: Berlin area);
Bouvier, 1916:205 (males burrows; gregarious nocturnal sites); R. Turner,
1918c:463 (synonymy, distribution: the whole Ethiopian Region); Strand,
1920:23 (Germany: Berlin-Dahlem); Morice, 1921:77 (Iran: Enzeli, Talish);
Gennerich, 1922:42 (morphology); Maidl, 1922:69 (Albania, Croatia);
Shestakov, 1922:82 (Russia: Stavropol' area); Alfken, 1924:231 (N Germany);
Maidl, 1924:243 (Sudan: Sennar); Berland, 1925d:45 (in Sphecid Fauna
of France); Grandi, 1926:283 (life history); Hémon, 1926:199 (France:
Finistère: Fouesnant); von Schulthess, 1926b:212 (Algeria, Tunisia,
Libya); Wouro, 1927:312 (apicultural pest); Grandi, 1928a:13 (nesting
in hard soil, nest entrance closed when the female is inside with prey);
Mellor, 1928:126 (preying at honey bee at Ghiza, Egypt), 129 (Egypt);
Schouteden, 1930:93 (Zaire); Bischoff, 1931:9 (Spain); Berland, 1932a:23
(France: Var Department; utilizing old charcoal preparation sites for
nesting); Giordani Soika, 1932a:21 (Italy: Lido di Venezia); Thiem,
1932:173 (mass outbreak and threat to apiculture in Werra Valley, Germany);
Tinbergen, 1932:305 (life history, homing); Bernard, 1933:61 (France:
Drôme: Dieulefit); Nadig, 1933:95 (Morocco); Thiem, 1933:121 (threat
to apiculture in Werra Valley, Germany); Giner Marí, 1934:131 (Spain);
Maidl, 1934:64 (Greece: Aegean Islands: Samos, Amorgos); Thiem, 1934:13,
43 (pest control); Bernard, 1935:62 (France: Var: Fréjus area); Goetze,
1935:304 (pest control); Hausmann, 1935:150 (mass outbreak in Düren
District, Germany); Körner, 1935:274 (mass outbreak and damage to apiculture);
Pelzer, 1935:310 (mass outbreak in Dinslaken District, Germany); Rudiger,
1935:57 (mass outbreak in Germany and Holland); Thiem, 1935a:348 (end
of mass outbreak in Werra Valley, Germany), 1935b:112 (apicultural pest);
Tinbergen, 1935:699 (analysis of preying behavior); Crèvecoeur and Maréchal,
1936:254 (Belgium); Pelzer, 1936:41 (description of morphology and nesting
behavior); Roller, 1936:315 (Austria: loess cliffs at Bisamberg near
Vienna); Guiglia, 1938:8 (Italy: Sardegna); Tinbergen and Kruyt, 1938:292
(study of spacial orientation); Balthasar, 1941b:112 (Czech Republic:
eastern Moravia); Bræstrup and Nielsen, 1941: (Denmark); Leclercq, 1941b:13
(Belgium: Liège area); Guiglia, 1942a:55 (Greece: Rhodes Island); Audcent,
1942:25 (parasites: Metopia leucocephala Rossi, Sphecapata
conica Fallén); Giner Marí, 1943a:111 (in Sphecid Fauna of Spain);
Guiglia, 1943a:69 (Albania); Timon-David, 1943:29 (France: plage de
Fos); Guiglia, 1944a:145 (Cyprus; also var. diadema Fabr.), 1944b:10
(Italy); Leclercq, 1944:264 (variation in population levels in Belgium);
Arnold, 1945:15 (Madagascar); de Beaumont, 1947b:384 (Cyprus); Guiglia,
1947a:28 (Italy), 1948c:200 (Italy: Sardegna); de Andrade, 1949:12 (Portugal);
Niesiolowski, 1950:225 (Poland: Lubasz 40 km N Tarnów); Scobiola, 1950:18
(Romania); de Beaumont, 1951c:302 (revision), 1951h:32 (Switzerland:
Neuchâtel area); Leclercq, 1951b:67 (yellow body pigments are pterines);
Caruel, 1952a:62 (France: Marne Department); Hirschfelder, 1952a (preying
behavior); Cleu, 1953:50 (France: Ardèche River basin); Glowacki, 1953:520
(Poland: Warszawa area: Podkowa Lesna, Choszczówka); Leclercq, 1953a:249
(Belgium: particularly abundant about 1900, but infrequent between 1940
and 1952); Móczár, 1953:309 (Hungary); Bischoff and Stadler, 1954:127
(Germany: Bayern: Romberg); Grandi, 1954:236 (Italy); Aerts, 1955:63
(Germany: Rheinland; life history); Steiner, 1955:136 (France: Dordogne);
Bytinski-Salz, 1956:224 (Turkey); Hirschfelder, 1956:96 (mass outbreak
in Franken, Germany and its control); Leclercq, 1956g:325 (Greece);
de Beaumont, 1957b:131 (n. Iran); Evans, 1957b:84 (discussion of larval
characters); Grandi, 1957:387 (Italy); Pulawski, 1958a:165 (Bulgaria;
diagnostic characters); Compte Sart, 1959:131 (Spain: Mayorca); de Beaumont,
1959a:11 (Italy); Suárez, 1959:54 (Spain: Almería Province); van der
Vecht, 1959a:67 (Sphex xanthocephalus Forster, 1771, is the oldest
name for the species [actually, it is a junior synonym of Cerceris
arenaria]); Wolf, 1959b:31 (Germany: Nassau); de Beaumont, 1960a:6
(Greece: Rhodes Island); Leclercq, 1960b:130 (massive expansion in 1930s
was followed by regression between 1940 and 1952); de Beaumont, 1961b:273
(Afghanistan), 1961c:45 (Greece: Crete Island), 1961e:3 (Iraq); Grandi,
1961:161 (life history), 477 (larva); Hoop, 1961:66 (Germany: Schleswig-Holstein);
Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar); van der Vecht, 1961a:61 (study of
type); Leclercq, 1962b:210 (Madagascar); de Beaumont, 1962b:20 (Spain);
Erlandsson, 1962:208 (distribution in Scandinavia); Pohl, 1963:14 (an
apicultural pest); Scobiola-Palade, 1963:825 (Romania); Babiy, 1964:117
(Austria: Land Salzburg); de Beaumont, 1965a:18 (Greece); B. Klug, 1965:138
(Germany: Rheinland); Roberti, Frilli, and Pizzaghi, 1965:109 (Italy);
Piek, 1966a:191-198 (venom); Scobiola-Palade, 1966b:391 (Romania); Balthasar,
Hrubant, and Hrubant, 1967:174 (Bulgaria: Slanchev Bryag near Nessebar);
de Beaumont, 1967a:277 (Turkey); Heinrich, 1967:70 (Germany: Niederfranken);
Niedl and Deneš, 1967:84 (Czechoslovakia); Scobiola-Palade, 1967a:161
(Romania), 1967b:39 (Romania); Benedek, 1968:71 (Hungary; floral records);
Scobiola-Palade, 1968b:141 (Romania), 1968c:382 (Romania); de Beaumont,
1969:81 (Turkey); Benedek, 1969a:83 (Hungary; marshy meadow); Dathe,
1969:439 (Germany: Berlin); Romanova, 1969:133 (Russia: North Caucasus);
Simon Thomas, 1969b (collection specimens for venom production); Zangheri,
1969:1700 (Italy); de Beaumont, 1970a:396 (Afghanistan), 1970c:4 (Iran:
Khorassan); Benedek, 1970:96 (Hungary: Tapolca); Oehlke, 1970:679 (Democratic
Germany); Dathe, 1971:234 (Germany: Berlin; phenology); Hoop, 1971:83
(Germany: Schleswig-Holstein); Piek, Mantel, and Engels, 1971:317-331
(venom causing neuromuscular block); Schmidt, 1971b:24 (Germany: Mainz
area); Stritt, 1971:104 (Germany: Karlsruhe); Valetta, 1971:46 (Malta);
Vegter, 1971:229 (Netherlands: Drenthe Province); Zonderwijk, 1971:79
(Netherlands); Atanassov, 1972a:191 (Bulgaria), 1972b:32, 48, 53 (Bulgaria);
Balthasar, 1972:381 (Czechoslovakia; revision); Kazenas, 1972b:123 (Kazakhstan);
Myartseva, 1972b:106 (parasite: Senotainia pygmaea (Rondani));
Scobiola-Palade, 1972a:149 (Romania), 1972b:251 (Romania); Simon Thomas,
1972:176 France); Simon Thomas and Poorter, 1972:141 (male behavior);
Simon Thomas and Simon Thomas, 1972:123 (nesting behavior); Leclercq,
1973d:166 (regression in Belgium following cold winter of 1942); Simon
Thomas and Simon Thomas Heijmans, 1973:64 (Netherlands; life history);
Wolf, 1973:41 (Germany: Siegerländer Hüttensand); Erlandsson, 1974:61
(France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain); Simon Thomas, 1974:56 (Netherlands:
Limburg); Simon Thomas and Veenendaal, 1974b:3 (France); Benedek, 1975:257
(Hungary; onion pollination); Lomholdt, 1975c:31 (Denmark); Piek and
Nijo, 1975:199-201 (venom causing neuromuscular block in honeybee);
Abdul Rassoul, 1976:31 (Iraq); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed);
Simon Thomas, 1976:3 (France: Lot-et-Garonne); Simon Thomas and Simon
Thomas, 1976:1-23 (Egypt: Dakhla oasis; life history); Georghiou, 1977:191
(Cyprus); Haeseler, 1977a:23 (Federal Germany), 1977b:289-292 (NW Germany);
Kolesnikov, 1977:317 (Russian Federation: Bryansk Oblast'); Cruysbergh,
1978:97 (Netherlands); Erlandsson, 1978b:131-134 (Sweden); Guichard,
1978:270 (Greece); Haeseler, 1978b:63 (Federal Germany; bog); Kazenas,
1978b:46 (in key to Sphecidae of Kazakhstan and Central Asia); Leclercq,
1978b:map 1193 (distribution in Belgium); Marion, 1978:86 (France: Nièvre
Department); Petit, 1978:86 (Belgium); Simon Thomas and Simon Thomas,
1978:450-456 (life history); Simon Thomas and Veenendaal, 1978:3-8 (underground
activity); Schwammberger, 1978:416 (Germany: Württemberg); Lefeber,
1979:33 (Netherlands: distribution); May and Piek, 1979:685 (venom causes
neuromuscular block in locust skeletal muscle); Richards, 1979:402 (British
Channel Islands); Schmidt, 1979a:54 (Germany: Ost-Holstein), 1979b:298
(Federal Germany); Schwammberger, 1979:114 (Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen:
Gildehauser Venn Nature Reserve); Borg-Karlson and Tengö, 1980:828 (pyrazines
as marking volatiles); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens
in M. Spinola collection); Pagliano, 1980:124 (Italy: Piemonte, Sicilia);
Piek, Mantel, and Jas, 1980:345 (venom causes ion-channel block in insect
muscle fibre membrane); Wollin, 1980:107 (Sweden); Gess, 1981:21 (South
Africa: 18 km WNW Grahamstown; nesting in clayey friable soils); Heath
and Leclercq, 1981: map 17 (distribution in Europe); Józan, 1981:304
(Hungary: Hortobágy National Park); Woydak, 1981:39 (Germany: Westfalen:
Hamm); Clark, Donaldson, Gration, Lambert, Piek, Ramsey, Spanjer, and
Userwood, 1992:105 (block of locust muscle glutamate receptors by d-philanthotoxin);
Donath, 1982:212 (Germany: Cottbus Bezirk); Dunbar and Piek, 1982:79-84
(action of venom on insect visceral muscle); Gayubo, 1982e:109 (Spain:
Cadiz Province); Leclercq, 1982a:125 (Belgium: Li?ge); Piek, 1982:311
(effects and components of venom); Piek, Spanjer, Veldsema-Currie, van
Groen, de Haan, and Mantel, 1982:159-164 (effect of venom on cockroach
abdominal ganglia); van Marle, Piek, Lind, and van Weeren-Kramer, 1982:343
(venom reducing glutamate uptake in nerve endings of locusts muscles);
Dollfuss, 1983b:24 (Austria); Gayubo, 1983e:236 (Spain: Salamanca Province);
Piek, Buitenhuis, Veldsema-Currie, and Mantel, 1983:153-159 (venom contains
acetylcholine, but no histamine); Riemann, 1983:83 (Germany: Bremen-Daverden
area); Schmidt and Westrich, 1983:125 (Greece); Burger, de Goffau, and
Ulenberg, 1984:147 (Netherlands); Chevin and Silvestre de Sacy, 1984:10
(France: Yvelines Department); Gayubo, 1984c:382 (Portugal: El Algarve
Province); Gayubo and Tormos, 1984:23 (Spain: Valencia); Haack, Tscharntke,
and Vidal, 1984:132 (Germany: Hamburg area); Janzon and Svensson, 1984:183
(Sweden: Öland Island); Piek, Hue, Pelhate, David, Spanjer, and Veldsema-Currie,
1984:297-306 (philanthotoxin blocking postsynaptic membrane); Schmidt
and Westrich, 1984:240 (Federal Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz: Bad Münster);
Archer, 1985b:156 (Britain: Suffolk); Chevin and Chevin, 1985:39 (France:
Aude); de Man, 1985:23 (Netherlands); Gayubo, 1985a:489 (prey: Apis
mellifera Linnaeus); Eiroa and Novoa, 1985:23 (Spain: Pontevedra:
Barra beach near Cangas); Haeseler, 1985c:571 (Federal Germany: Friesian
Islands); Józan, 1985b:62 (Hungary S Lake Balaton), 82 (floral records),
85 (ecological and zoogeographic characteristics); Koster, 1985:75 (Netherlands:
common along railways); Lefeber, 1985:87 (Netherlands: southern Limburg);
Nilsson, 1985:43 (Sweden); Scobiola-Palade, 1985:95 (Romania: delta
of Danube); Gayubo, 1986a:66 (Spain: Ciudad Real Province), 1986b:41
(Spain: Andalucía), 1986d:122 (Spain: Zamora Province), 1986f:1002 (prey);
Gayubo and Sanza, 1986:84 (Spain: Burgos, Soria); Gayubo and Tormos,
1986a:19 (Spain: Castellón de la Plana); Islamov, 1986:518 (Uzbekistan:
Tashkent Oblast); Józan, 1986:374 (Hungary: Kiskunság National Park);
Piek, 1986b:190 (morphological and physiological differences between
triangulum triangulum and triangulum abdelcader);
Piek and Mantel, 1986:433 (differences in venom between Dutch and Egyptian
populations); Pagliano, 1987:159 (Italy, in key); Scobiola-Palade, 1987:65
(Romania: Dobrogea); Schmidt and Westrich, 1987: (Federal Germany: Mainz
area); Tormos and Jiménez, 1987a:127 (Spain: Valencia Province), 1987b:317
(Spain: Valencia Province: Dehesa de El Saler); Veenendaal, 1987:169
(parasite: Hedychrum rutilans Dahlbom); Asís and Jiménez, 1988:276
(Spain: Castellón Province); Chevin, 1988:16 (France: La Manche Department);
Dollfuss, 1988:19, 30 (Austria: Bisamberg near Vienna; Niederösterreich:
Oberweiden); Karsai, 1988:101 (Hungary: Kiskunság National Park); Kowalczyk,
1988a:45 (Poland: Rogów) Kowalczyk, 1988b:64 (Poland: environs of Lódz);
Pagliano, 1988:138 (Italy, revision); Pulawski, 1988:34 (petition to
ICZN to preserve the name); Riemann, 1988:223 (Germany: Bremen area);
Wolf, 1988:143 (Germany: Rheinland-Westfalen); Archer, 1989b:232 (Great
Britain: Suffolk); Borsato, 1989:201 (Italy: Lombardia: Busatello marsh);
Hamon, 1989:45 (support of petition to ICZN to preserve the name); Jacobs,
1989:28 (Germany: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Józan, 1989:102 (Hungary:
Tihany Natural Reserve); Lomholdt, 1989:45 (support of petition to ICZN
to preserve the name); Pádr in Sedivy, 1989a:166 (in checklist
of Czechoslovakian Sphecidae); Scobiola-Palade, 1989:87 (Romania: delta
of Danube); Weiffenbach, 1989:107 (Germany: Hessen: Gießen area); Barbier,
Rasmont, and Wahis, 1990:32 (Belgium: Hainaut); Gayubo, Asís, and Tormos,
1990b:80 (Spain); Jacobs and Oehlke, 1990:215 (new records from Democratic
Germany); Schmidt, McDaniel, and Simon Thomas, 1990:2135 (chemistry
of male mandibular gland secretions); Kowalczyk, 1990:290 (Poland: Góry
Swietokrzyskie); Pagliano, 1990:95 (in catalog of Italian Sphecidae);
Riemann and Melber, 1990:120 (Calluna-meadows); Rohe, 1990:1049
(Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz: Lenneberg forest); Schwammberger and Priesner,
1990:553 (Austria: Kärtnen); Day, 1991:xviii (summary of European Endangered
Hymenoptera Lists); Archer, 1991a:34 (Great Britain: Isle of Wight);
Gayubo, 1991a:127 (characteristics of the species); Gayubo, Borsato,
and Osella, 1991:419 (Italy); Gayubo and Torres, 1991:Table I and p.
81 (Spain: Salamanca; effects of urban pressure); Guichard, 1991a:338
(Jordan); Jacobs, 1991:46 (Germany: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Nature Reserve
Elbtaldünen); Jakubzik, 1991:74 (Germany: Köln); Józan, 1991:605 (Hungary:
Bátorliget Nature Reserve); Karst and Piek, 1991:479 (action of philanthotoxins);
Karst, Piek, Van Marle, Lind, and Weeren-Kramer, 1991:471 (action of
philanthotoxins); Kuhlmann et al., 1991:92 (Germany: Senne Region);
Negrisolo, 1991:323 (Italy: Gorizia, Trieste, and Venezia Provinces);
Schembri, 1991:177 (Malta); Benson, Schürmann, Kaufmann, Gsell, and
Piek, 1992:267 (action of philanthotoxins); H.-J.Schulz, 1991:30 (Germany:
Oberlausitz: 5 km SW Wittichenau); Gayubo, Borsato, and Osella, 1992:290
(Greece, Spain); Gunnardo, 1992:59 (Sweden: Varmländ); Haeseler, 1992:354
(possibly not native on Frisean Islands); Józan, 1992a:230 (Hungary:
Béda-Karapancsa Protected Area); Archer, 1993:46 (Great Britain: Channel
Islands); Else, 1993a:163 (southern England); Gorobchishin, 1993:47
(Ukraine: Kanev Nature Reserve); Kuhlmann, 1993:76 (Germany: known from
Westfalen); Luchetti, 1993:105 (Italy: Sardegna: Maddalena archipelago);
Schuberth and Schönitzer, 1993:264 (facial fovea not found); Torregrosa,
Gayubo, Tormos, and Asís, 1993:20 (Spain: Alicante Province); Archer,
1994b:104 (British Channel Islands); Blagoveshchenskaya, 1994:91 (Russia:
Ul'yanovsk Oblast'); Gayubo and Borsato, 1994:219 (Italy: Valle d'Aosta,
Liguria, Veneto, Toscana, Sardegna); Gess and Gess, 1994:100 (visiting
flowers of Aspalathus linearis); Guichard, 1994a:209 (Arabian
Peninsula); Schmid-Egger, 1994a:688 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz: Höllenberg
near Grünstadt); Tormos, Asís, and Gayubo, 1994:190, 225 (Spain: Albacete
Province); Baumgarten, 1995:35 (parasite: Hedychrum rutilans,
a chrysidid); Else, 1995a:24 (records from southern England for 1993),
1995b:205 (records from southern England for 1994); Józan, 1995:105
(Hungary: projected Duna-Dráva National Park); Krasnobayev et al., 1995:139
(Russia: Zhiguli Hills NW Samara); Negrisolo, 1995:18 (visiting flowers
of Eryngium maritimum L.), 19 (visiting flowers of Echinophora
spinosa L.), 22 (Italy: Veneto); Pagliano and Pesarini, 1995:92
(Italy: Ferrara Province); Schmid-Egger, Risch, and Niehuis, 1995:187
(color photograph), 205 (summary of records from Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz
Province); Archer, 1996a:59 (Great Britain: Channel Islands); S. Gess,
1996:269, 294 (floral records); Harvey and Plant, 1996:81 (Great Britain:
summary of records from Essex); Jakubzik, 1996:253 (Germany: Köln);
Jakubzik and Cölln, 1996b:400 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz); Pawlikowski
and Kruszynski, 1996:87 (Poland: Torun Basin); Schmid-Egger, Schmidt,
and Doczkal, 1996:378 (Germany: Baden-Württemberg: not endangered);
Voblenko, Gorobchishin, and Nesterov, 1996:15 (Ukraine: Polesye Region);
Minoranskiy and Shkuratov, 1996:81 (Russia: Rostov Oblast'); Witt, 1996:106
(Germany: Brandenburg); Woydak, 1996:98 (Germany: Westfalen: summary
of distribution and life history); Wu and Zhou, 1996:162 (revision in
Economic Insect Fauna of China); Bitsch, Barbier, Gayubo, Schmidt, and
Ohl, 1997:292 (in Sphecid Fauna of Western Europe); Hansen, 1997:189
(southeastern Norway, first country records); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar:
Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae); Schmidt
and Schmid-Egger, 1997:26 (in checklist of German Sphecidae); Strohm
and Linsenmair, 1997a:423 (more sons are produced when prey is restricted),
1997b:23 (minimum prey number to produce a daughter is three; smaller
females produce more sons); Dollfuss, Gusenleitner, and Bregant, 1998:525
(Austria: summary of collecting records from Burgenland); Drewes, 1998:49
(Germany: Niedersachsen: Goldbeck 26 km WSW Hamburg); Jakubzik, Schlüter,
and Cölln, 1998:1182, 1184 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz); Strohm and Linsenmair,
1998:330 (females produce more sons than daughters, regardless of weather
conditions); Herrmann, 1999:7 (Germany: Niedersachsen: Oldenburg area;
habitats size); Pauly, 1999:111 (in catalog of Belgian aculeates); Zehnder
and Zettel, 1999:131 (Switzerland: recolonization of flooded area in
Valais Canton).
Vespa
fasciata Fourcroy, 1785:433.
Sphex
maculatus Christ, 1791:287.
Vespa
limbata Olivier, 1792. Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum
by Kohl, 1891:365 (or an earlier author?).
Crabro
androgynus Rossi, 1792:138. Synonymized with Philanthus apivorus
by Spinola, 1806:96. – Curtis, 1829:pl.273 (illustration); Guérin-Méneville,
1835:pl. 71, Fig. 8 (illustrations of various morphological details),
1844:442 (explanations of his 1835 figure, androgynus is a junior
synonym of triangulum).
Philanthus
pictus Panzer, 1797. Synonymized with Philanthus apivorus
by Spinola, 1806:96. – Fabricius, 1804:302 (redescription); Thunberg,
1815b:289 (diagnostic characters), 295 (redescription).
Philanthus
discolor Panzer, 1799. Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum
by Kohl, 1891:365 (or an earlier author?). – von Siebold, 1839:53
(Germany: Danzig, now Poland: Gdansk).
Philanthus
apivorus Latreille, 1799:50, sex not indicated. Syntypes: Paris
area (lost). Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum by Lepeletier
de Saint Fargeau, 1845:34 – Spinola, 1806:95 (Italy: Liguria);
de Saussure, 1854:8 (belongs to a section with sessile gaster); Dusmet
y Alonso, 1906:7 (Spain); Ferton, 1910:15t5 (sand closure of nest cell);
Dusmet y Alonso, 1915:87 (Spain: Aragón); Lhéritier, 1946:28 (Morocco:
Marrakech; life history); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens
in M. Spinola collection).
Philanthus
allionii Dahlbom, 1845:495,
(as Allionii , incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or
syntypes: , Prussia (depository?).
Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum by Kohl, 1891:366 (or
an earlier author?). – Dalla Torre, 1897:492 (in catalog of world
Sphecidae, as allwini); de Beaumont, 1953h:197 (type material
not represented in Dahlbom's collection in Lund).
ssp. abdelcader
Lepeletier
Philanthus
abdelcader Lepeletier, 1845:33, , (as Abdelcader, incorrect original
capitalization). Syntypes: Algeria: Oran (MNHN?). – Lucas, 1849:257
(Algeria; as Abdelkader), 1880:CXXXVII (Egypt: Ramlé near Alexandria);
Girard, 1881:CXXVIII (Algeria: Palestro; pest of honeybee); Kohl, 1891:366
(as synonym of Philanthus triangulum); Roth, 1917:63 (nesting
behavior, as abdelkader); Lhéritier, 1946:28 (Morocco: Marrakech;
life history; as Abd-el-Kader); Bradley, 1957:49
(Lepeletier's specimens in Turin); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122
(specimens in M. Spinola collection, as abdel-kader). –
As Trachypus abdel-kader: Casolari and Casolari Moreno,
1980:122 (specimens in M. Spinola collection). – As Philanthus
diadema var. abdelkader: Gribodo, 1880:400 (Tunisia);
A. Costa, 1893b:8 (Tunisia); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48
(Madagascar: Antananarivo). – As Philanthus triangulum
f. abdelkader: Balthasar, 1954b:279 (Palestine: Jerusalem
and Jericho); – As Philanthus triangulum abdelcader:
Mochi, 1939a:90 (Egypt; as Philanthus triangulum var.
Abdelkader); de Beaumont, 1949b:180 (North Africa; revision),
1950f:396 (Algeria, Morocco), 1953g:118 (Morocco), 1956a:183 (Libya);
Guiglia, 1957:144 (Italy: Isole Pelagie); de Beaumont and Bytinski-Salz,
1959:141 (Israel); de Beaumont, 1960b:229 (Libya), 1966:211 (Egypt:
Abukir); Krombein, 1969a:8 (preying on honeybee in Egypt); Myartseva,
1972a:91 (Turkmenistan); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed); Guichard,
1980:230; Pagliano and Scaramozzino, 1995:730 (Italy: Island of Lampedusa).
ssp. bimaculatus
Magretti
Philanthus
triangulum var. bimaculatus Magretti, 1908:188, (as bimaculatum, incorrect
original termination). Syntypes: Kenya: Nairobi and Lumbwa (MNHN). –
As Philanthus triangulum bimaculatus: R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:566 (listed).
ssp. diadema
(Fabricius)
Crabro
diadema Fabricius, 1781:471, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes:
South Africa: Cape of the Good Hope (BMNH, Banks coll.). – Fabricius,
1787:297 (redescription), 1790:225 (redescription). – As Philanthus
diadema: Fabricius, 1793:289 (new combination, redescription),
1804:302 (redescription); Thunberg, 1815a:127 (diagnostic characters),
129 (redescription), 1815b:287 (diagnostic characters); F. Smith, 1856:471
(listed); Radoszkowski, 1876b:137 (Egypt); Gribodo, 1884:8 (Egypt);
de Saussure, 1892:534 (Madagascar); W. Schulz, 1911b:170 (Gribodo's
specimen from Somalia is Philanthus triangulum); Schouteden,
1930:93 (Zaire); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens in
M. Spinola collection). – As Philanthus triangulum var.
diadema: Taschenberg, 1875:404 (Egypt); Gribodo, 1894:129
(Mozambique: Magnarra River), 1895:351 (Mozambique); Bingham, 1902:212
(South Africa, Malawi); Cameron, 1908a:269 (Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro
and Mt. Meru), 1910:145 (South Africa: Transvaal); Bischoff, 1912:225
(Zaire: Kassenge at Lake Edward); Arnold, 1925:144 (revision); Scott
in Arnold, 1933a:369 (Ethiopia: Harar District); Bischoff, 1933:5
(Morocco); Giordani Soika, 1939c:101 (Eritrea: Asmara: Adi Caie); Guiglia,
1938:8 (Italy: Sardegna); Guiglia, 1940b:287 (Somalia); Leclercq, 1955i:408
(Burundi). – As Philanthus triangulum diadema: van
der Vecht, 1961a:61 (discussion of type material); de Beaumont, 1967b:505
(South Africa: Natal); Bonelli, 1976:228 (nesting behavior); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:566 (listed); S. Gess, 1996:280 (floral records); Rodgers
and Homewood, 1982:233 (Tanzania: Usambara Mountains).
Philanthus
frontalis Gerstaecker in Peters, 1858:509, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Mozambique: no specific locality (ZMHU).
– Kohl, 1891:364 (listed);
Philanthus
frontalis Gerstaecker, 1862:473, .
Objective synonym of Philanthus frontalis Gerstaecker, 1858.
Philanthus
transversus Cameron, 1910:147, .
Holotype or syntypes: , South Africa: Transvaal: no specific locality
(TMP). Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum diadema by Brauns,
1917:241.
ssp. obliteratus
Pic
Philanthus obliteratus
Pic, 1917. – As Philanthus triangulum obliteratus:
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed).
PISON
Pison
Jurine in Spinola, 1808:255. Type species: Pison jurini
Spinola, 1808 [recte jurinei, = Alyson ater Spinola, 1808],
by monotypy.
Tachybulus
Latreille, 1809:75. Type species: Tachybulus niger Latreille,
1809 [= Alysson ater Spinola, 1808], by monotypy.
Nephridia
Brullé, 1833b:408. Type species: Nephridia xanthopus Brullé,
1833, by monotypy.
Pisonitus
Shuckard, 1838:79. Type species: Pison argentatum Shuckard, 1838,
designated by Pate, 1937c:51.
Pisum
Agassiz, 1846:293, junior homonym of Pisum Megerle, 1811. Unjustified
emendation of Pison Jurine, 1808.
Pisonoides
F. Smith, 1858:104 (authorship attributed to Shuckard, as subgenus of
Pison). Type species: Pison obliteratum F. Smith, 1858,
by monotypy.
Parapison
F. Smith, 1869a:298. Type species: Pisonoides obliteratum F.
Smith, 1858, designated by Pate, 1837c:47.
Pseudonysson
Radoszkowski, 1876a:104. Type species: Pseudonysson fasciatus
Radoszkowski, 1876, by monotypy.
Taranga
W.F. Kirby, 1883:201. Type species: Taranga dubia W.F. Kirby,
1883 [= Pison spinolae Shuckard, 1838].
Paraceramius
Radoszkowski, 1887c:432, junior homonym of Paraceramius de Saussure,
1854. Type species: Paraceramius koreensis Radoszkowski, 1887,
by monotypy.
Pisum
W. Schulz, 1906:212, junior homonym of Pisum Megerle, 1811 and
Pisum Agassiz, 1846. Unjustified emendation of Pison Jurine,
1808.
Krombeiniellum
Richards, 1962:118. Replacement name for Paraceramaius Radoszkowski,
1887.
Entomopison
Menke, 1968a:5. Type species: Pison pilosum F. Smith, by original
designation.
argentatum
Shuckard
Pison
argentatum Shuckard, 1838:79, (as argentatus, incorrect original
termination). Holotype or syntypes: , Mauritius: no specific locality (OXUM?).
– F. Smith, 1856:314 (listed); R. Turner, 1916g:594 (in key), 619
(revision); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:114 (specimens in M.
Spinola collection); D. Baker, 1998:173 (type origin and depository).
– As Pison argentatum: Kohl, 1885a:186 (listed);
de Saussure, 1892:528 (Madagascar, redescription); Bingham, 1897:220
(redescription); R. Turner, 1911b:371 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage,
1912:32 (Isle of Réunion: life history, occasional cleptoparasitism
using nests of Sceliphron hemipterum, now fuscum); Kohl
in Bordage, 1912:86 (description of
); R. Perkins, 1912:727 (introduced into Hawaiii); Maidl, 1924:234 (Sudan:
Atbara), 1925a:390 (Indonesia: Sumatra); F. Williams, 1927:438 (makes
little cells of mud); Swezey, 1942:185 (Guam, life history); Arnold,
1945:3 (Madagascar; in key); Krombein, 1949b:384 (in key to Sphecidae
of Micronesia), 403 (diagnostic characters; Mariana and Caroline Islands),
1950b:139 (additional Micronesian localities); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362
(Seychelles); Evans, 1957b:98 (larva); Yoshimoto, 1960:334 (Hawaiian
Islands); Tsuneki, 1963c:11 (Thailand); Iwata, 1964b:374 (nesting behavior
in Thailand); Yoshimoto, 1965:291 (nesting); Tsuneki, 1974b:636 (Thailand);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:335 (listed); Tsuneki, 1983a:89 (Philippines;
taxonomic comments), 102 (in key); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:832
(Seychelles Islands). – As Pisonitus argentatus:
F. Smith:1869a:298 (new combination, in checklist of Pisonitus).
Pison
fuscipalpe Cameron, 1901a:27, . Holotype or syntypes:
Singapore (BMNH). Synonymized with Pison argentatum by R. Turner,
1916g:619.
Pisonitus
argenteus Ashmead, 1904d:131, .
Holotype: , Philippines: Bacoor (USNM). Synonymized
with Pison argentatum by R. Turner, 1916g:619. – Ashmead,
1904d:150 (Philippines).
humile Arnold
Pison
humile Arnold, 1945:5,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:336 (listed).
lobiferum
Arnold
Pison
lobiferum Arnold, 1945:6, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:336 (listed).
mimicum
Arnold
Pison
mimicum Arnold, 1945:4, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Perinet (MNHN). – R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:336 (listed; misspelled minicum); Madl, 1997:820
(Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island, as mimicus), 821 (in checklist
of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae, as mimicus).
seyrigi
Arnold
Pison
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:3,
,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original spelling). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Ivondro (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:336 (listed);
Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of
Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
PODALONIA
Podalonia
Spinola, 1853:53. Suppressed by International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, 1968:88 (Opinion 857).
Podalonia
Fernald, 1927:11. Validated by International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, 1968:88 (Opinion 857). Type species: Ammophila violaceipennis
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845, designated by International Commission
on Zoological Nomenclature, 1968:88 (Opinion 857).
Psammophila
Dahlbom, 1842:2, junior homonym of Psammophila Brown, 1827. Type
species: Psammophila affinis (W. Kirby, 1798) [= Ammophila
affinis W. Kirby, 1798], designated by Fernald, 1927:11.
canescens madecassa
(Kohl)
As
Ammophila capensis de Saussure, 1892:438 (Madagascar), corrected
to Ammophila madecassa by Kohl, 1909:372.
Ammophila
madecassa Kohl, 1909:372, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Imerina (ZMHU or SIF). – As Sphex
tydei race madecassa: Arnold, 1945:87 (Madagascar; new
status); Leclercq, 1961d:106 (Madagascar, as var. madecassa).
– As Podalonia canescens madecassa: R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:144 (new combination, listed).
POLEMISTUS
Polemistus
de Saussure, 1892:565. Type species: Polemistus macilentus de
Saussure, 1892, designated by Pate, 1937c:52.
Asiatomistus
Tsuneki, 1992b:53. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13b).
Asiatomistus
Tsuneki, 1993:38. Type species: Passaloecus barrabas Pagden,
1933, by original designation.
macilentus
de Saussure
Polemistus
macilentus de Saussure, 1892:567, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province:
Anosibé (MHNG). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:185 (listed).
– As Passaloecus macilentus: W. Schulz, 1911b:142
(new combination, redescription); Arnold, 1945:151 (Madagascar; revision);
Leclercq, 1959a:50 (in key).
PRIONYX
Prionyx
Vander Linden, 1827:362. Type species: Ammophila kirbii Vander
Linden, 1827, by monotypy.
Priononyx
Dahlbom, 1843:28. Type species: Pepsis thomae (Fabricius, 1804)
[= Sphex thomae Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy.
Enodia
Dahlbom, 1843:28, junior homonym of Enodia Hübner, 1819. Type
species: Sphex albisectus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Serville,
1828 [= Ammophila kirbii Vander Linden, 1827], designated by
Kohl, 1885b:164.
Harpactopus
F. Smith, 1856:264. Type species: Harpactopus crudelis F. Smith,
designated by Patton, 1880a:384.
Parasphex
F. Smith, 1856:267. Type species: Sphex albisectus Lepeletier
de Saint Fargeau and Serville, 1828 [= Ammophila kirbii Vander
Linden, 1827], designated by Kohl, 1885b:164.
Gastrosphaeria
A. Costa, 1858:10. Type species: Gastrospheria anthracina A.
Costa, 1858 [= Sphex subfuscatus Dahlbom, 1845], by monotypy.
Pseudosphex
Taschenberg, 1869:420, junior homonym of Pseudosphex Hübner,
1818.. Type species: Pseudosphex pumilio Taschenberg, 1869, by
monotypy.
Calosphex
Kohl, 1890b:113. Type species: Sphex niveatus Dufour, 1853, designated
by Pate, 1937c:15. – As Callosphex: Rohwer, 1913:450 (misspelling).
Neosphex
Reed, 1894:627. Type species: Neosphex albospiniferus Reed, 1894,
by monotypy.
crudelis
(F. Smith)
Sphex
rufipennis Fabricius, 1793:200, sex not indicated, primary homonym
of Sphex rufipennis De Geer, 1778. Syntypes:
, India: Tamil Nadu: Tranquebar (ZMK). – Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau,
1845:334 (revision); F. Smith, 1856:252 (listed, probably a Brazilian
species); Taschenberg, 1869:411 (redescription based on specimens from
Brazil); nec Kohl, 1885b:198; Ed. André, 1888:150 (in revision of Sphecidae
of Europe and Algeria), 9* (bibliographic references); Cameron, 1889c:108
(listed), 112 (records from South America refer to a different species;
specimens described by Kohl, 1885b:198, are luteipennis); Kohl,
1889a:26 (specimens treated under this name by André, 1888, are several
species); Kohl, 1890:408 (as a variety of Sphex argentatus which
= Sphex diabolicus); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:102 (specimens
in M. Spinola collection). – As Sphex umbrosus var. rufipennis:
Ashmead, 1904d:150 (Philippines).
?
Sphex hirtipes Fabricius, 1793:207, sex not indicated. Holotype
or syntypes: Guinea (depository?), primary homonym of Sphex hirtipes
De Geer, 1778. Tentatively synonymized with Harpactopus crudelis
by Kohl, 1890:351. – van der Vecht, 1961a:32 (type material lost,
may be a synonym of Sphex obscurus); Casolari and Casolari Moreno,
1980:102 (specimens in M. Spinola collection).
Sphex
aegyptius Lepeletier, 1845:356, sex not indicated (as Aegyptia,
incorrect original capitalization and termination), primary homonym
of Sphex aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758. Lectotype: , Egypt: no specific locality (Torino),
designated by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:133. – Taschenberg,
1869:412 (redescription, as aegyptica); Kohl, 1885b:181 (in revision
of Palearctic Sphex); Ed. André, 1888:148 (in revision of Sphecidae
of Europe and Algeria), 9* (bibliographic references); Cameron, 1889c:106
(listed); Kohl, 1889a:25 (comparison with Sphex subfuscatus);
de Saussure, 1892:424 (Madagascar and Mauritius, redescription); Kohl,
1883e:183 (Tanzania: Bagamoyo); Bingham, 1897:245 (redescription); Kohl,
1906a:197 (Yemen: Aden), 1909:370 (Comoros); R. Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles
Islands); Maidl, 1913:560 (Egypt: Helwan); Strand, 1916b:102 (German
East Africa); Maidl, 1924:246 (Sudan: Bara, Gullfan); Berland, 1926c:200
(miscellaneous locality records); von Schulthess, 1927:299 (Iran: Bushehr);
Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire); Gussakovskij, 1933b:278 (Iran); Giordani
Soika, 1939c:105 (Eritrea: Asmara, as aegyptium); Berland, 1956:1169
(in revision of African Sphecini); Bradley, 1957:40 (Lepeletier's specimens
in Turin); Georghiou, 1977:191 (Cyprus); Casolari and Casolari Moreno,
1980:103 (specimens in M. Spinola collection; as aegyptia). –
As Priononyx aegyptia: F. Smith, 1856:266 (new combination,
listed). – As Chlorion aegyptium: Arnold, 1928c:359
(revision); Scott in Arnold, 1933a:370 (Ethiopia); Arnold, 1935b:1
and 8 (Mauritania: Nema).
Harpactopus
crudelis F. Smith, 1856:264, .
Holotype or syntypes: , India: Madras (BMNH). Synonymized with
Sphex aegyptius Lepeletier by Kohl, 1885b:181, and with Sphex
rufipennis Fabricius by van der Vecht, 1961a:34. – Magretti,
1883:249 (E Africa), 1884b:582 (Ethiopia: Metemma). – As Sphex
crudelis: de Beaumont, 1949a:137 (Sphex crudelis, and
not soror, is the correct name for aegyptius Lepeletier,
nec Linnaeus), 1950d:7 (Egypt: Siwa oasis); Leclercq, 1955h:25 (bibliographic
references, faunal records from Africa); de Beaumont, 1960a:5 (Greece:
Rhodes Island), 1961e:2 (Iraq); Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar); de
Beaumont, 1962c:221 (Arabia: Riyadh); Diniz, 1964b:237 (Guinea Bissau,
redescription); de Beaumont, 1966:211 (Egypt: Abukir), 1967a:273 (Turkey),
1968b:149 (member of subfuscatus species group); Guiglia, 1968:164
(Yemen); de Beaumont, 1970c:4 (Iran: Khorassan); Erlandsson, 1974:58
(Greece); Kazenas, 1978b:41 (in key to Sphecidae of Kazakhstan and Central
Asia). – As Prionyx crudelis: Myartseva, 1972a:84
(Turkmenistan); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:133 (listed); Guichard, 1988a:121
(Arabian Peninsula); Jha and Farooqi, 1994:11 (description and illustration
of male genitalia).
Sphex
grandis Radoszkowski, 1876b:132, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Ethiopia: no specific locality (Kraków).
Synonymized with Sphex aegyptius by Ed. André, 1888:*9.
?
Sphex aegyptius var. turcomanicus Radoszkowski, 1893a:58,
sex not indicated. Syntypes: Turkmenistan: Serax (Kraków).
PSEN
Psen
Latreille, 1796:122 (no included species). Type species: Sphex ater
Fabricius, 1794 [= Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], designated by
Latreille, 1802b:338 (first included species).
Psenus
Rafinesque, 1815:124. Emendation of Psen Latreille,1796.
Psenia
Stephens, 1829b:361. Type species: Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794
[= Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], designated by Pate, 1937c:54.
Dahlbomia
Wissmann, 1849:9. Type species: Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794 [=
Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], by monotypy.
Mesopora
Wesmael, 1852:279. Type species: Psen ater of Vander Linden,
1829 [= Sphex ater of Panzer, 1799 = Sphex ater Fabricius,
1794 = Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], by monotypy.
Caenopsen
Cameron, 1899:55. Type species: Caenopsen fuscinervis Cameron,
1899, by monotypy.
leclercqi
van Lith
Psen
leclercqi van Lith, 1974a:53,
. Holotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (FSAG).
– van Lith, 1974a:96 (probable member of subgenus Psen),
98 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:629 (listed).
PSENEO
Pseneo
Malloch, 1933:7. Type species: Psen kohlii W. Fox, 1898, by original
designation.
madecassus
Arnold
Psen
madecassus Arnold, 1945:152, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ranomafana, Ivondro (MNHN). – Leclercq,
1961a:15 (listed), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); van Lith, 1974a:56 (supplementary
descripiton), 97 (probably member of subgenus Punctipsen), 98
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:166 (listed). – As Pseneo
madecassus: Budrys, 1988:109 (new combination).
PSENULUS
Psenulus
Kohl, 1897:293. Type species: "Mimesa fuscipennis Dahlbom"
[= Psen fuscipennis Dahlbom,1843], designated by Ashmead, 1899:224.
Neofoxia
Viereck, 1901b:338. Type species: Psen atratus of Panzer, 1806
[= Trypoxylon atratum Fabricius, 1804 = Sphex pallipes
Panzer, 1798], by original designation.
Stenomellinus
W.Schulz, 1911b:142. Type species: Psen dilectus de Saussure,
1892, by monotypy.
Eopsenulus
Gussakovskij, 1934b:84. Type species: Psenulus iwatai Gusssakovskij,
1934, by original designation.
Nipponopsen
Yasumatsu, 1938:84. Type species: Nipponopsen anomoneure Yasumatsu,
1938, by original designation.
alboscutellatus
Arnold
Psenulus
reticulosus var. alboscutellatus Arnold, 1945:156, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro, Perinet,
Ranomafana, Rogez (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961a:30 (Madagascar: Analandraraka,
Mandaraka). – As Psenulus alboscutellatus: R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:172 (listed).
dilectus
(de Saussure)
Psen
dilectus de Saussure, 1892:571, .
Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Imerina Province: no specific
locality (MHNG). – As Psenulus dilectus: W. Schulz,
1911b:141 (new combination, redescription); Arnold, 1945:154 (Madagascar;
redescription); Leclercq, 1961a:30 (listed), 1961d:117 (Madagascar);
van Lith, 1974a:8 (diagnostic characters), 98 (member of capensis
species group), 99 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:172 (listed).
fulgidus
Arnold
Psenulus
fulgidus Arnold, 1945:156, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Ranomafana
(MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:154 (in key); Leclercq, 1961a:30 (listed,
Madagascar: Fort-Dauphin); van Lith, 1974a:69 (comparison with Psenulus
reticulosus), 99 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:152 (listed).
reticulosus
Arnold
Psenulus
reticulosus Arnold, 1945:154, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Perinet, Rogez (MNHN).
– Arnold, 1945:154 (in key); Leclercq, 1961a:30 (listed, Madagascar:
Mandaraka), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); van Lith, 1974a:70 (supplementary
description), 97 (closely related to Psenulus sapobaensis), 99
(listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:173 (listed).
PSEUDOPLISUS
Pseudoplisus
Ashmead, 1899d:323. Type species: Gorytes floridanus W. Fox,
1891 [= Pseudoplisus smithii floridanus (W. Fox, 1891)], by original
designation.
ranosahae
(Arnold)
Gorytes
ranosahae Arnold, 1945:54,
,
(as Ranosahae, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes:
Madagascar: Ambositra, Ivondro, Rogez (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:100
(Madagascar), 1961d:102 (Madagascar). – As Pseudoplisus ranosahae:
R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:503 (new combination); Leclercq,
1990b:119 (Madagascar); Callan, 1991d:1612 (life history).
RHOPALUM
Euplilis
Risso, 1826:227. Type species: Euplilis rufiventris (Panzer,
1799) [= Crabro rufiventris Panzer, 1799 = Sphex clavipes
Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Pate, 1935:246. Suppressed by International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1978:237 (Opinion 1106).
Rhopalum
Stephens, 1829a:34. Type species: Crabro rufiventris Panzer,
1799 [= Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758], designated by J. Curtis,
1837:text accompanying plate 656. See also Stephens, 1829b:366 and J.
Curtis, 1829:123.
Physoscelus
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:804. Type species: Crabro
rufiventris Panzer, 1799 [= Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758],
designated by Westwood, 1839:80.
Corynopus
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:802. Type species: Crabro
tibialis of Panzer, 1801 [= Crabro tibialis of Panzer, 1801
[= Crabro tibialis Fabricius, 1798 = Sphex coarctatus
Scopoli, 1763], by monotypy.
Dryphus
Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840:123. Type species: Crabro tibialis Fabricius,
1798 = Sphex coarctatus Scopoli, 1763], by monotypy.
Physoscelis
Westwood, 1839:80. Lapsus or emendation of Physoscelus Lepeletier
de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835.
Alliognathus
Ashmead, 1899d:219. Type species: Crabro occidentalis W. Fox,
1895, by original designation. Synonymized with Corynopus by
Court and R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1975:47.
Calceorhopalum
Tsuneki, 1952b:111. Type species: Rhopalum calceatum (Tsuneki,
1947) [= Crabro calceatus Tsuneki, 1947, primary homonym of Crabro
calceatus Rossi, 1794 = Rhopalum pygidiale R. Bohart, 1976],
by original designation.
Latrorhopalum
Tsuneki, 1952b:111. Type species: Rhopalum latronum (Kohl, 1915)
[= Crabro latronum, by original designation.
Aporhopalum
Leclercq, 1955k:3. Type species: Rhopalum perforator F. Smith,
1876, by original designation.
Zelorhopalum
Leclercq, 1955k:4. Type species: Rhopalum aucklandi Leclercq,
1955, by original designation.
Notorhopalum
Leclercq, 1979b:354, as subgenus of Rhopalum. Type species: Rhopalum
carnegiacum Leclercq, 1979, by original designation and monotypy.
ichneumoniforme
(Arnold)
Thyreopus
ichneumoniformis Arnold, 1927:130, , . Syntypes: South Africa: Cape Province:
Mossel Bay (BMNH). – As Crabro ichneumoniformis:
Arnold, 1945:169 (Madagascar). – As Rhopalum ichneumoniforme:
Leclercq, 1954c:185 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:389 (listed).
SCELIPHRON
Sceliphron
Klug, 1801:561. Type species: Sphex spirifex Linnaeus, 1758,
designated by Bingham, 1897:235.
Pelopoeus
Latreille, 1802b:334. Type species: Pelopoeus spirifex, Fab."
[= Pelopoeus spirifex of Fabricius, 1804 = Sphex spirifex
Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Latreille, 1810:438.
Pelopaeus
Latreille, 1804:180. Lapsus or emendation of Pelopoeus.
Sceliphrum
W. Schulz, 1906:192. Emendation of Sceliphron Klug, 1801.
Prosceliphron
van der Vecht in van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:192, junior
homonym of Prosceliphron Frenguelli, 1946. Type species: Sceliphron
coromandelicum (Lepeletier, 1845) [= Pelopaeus coromandelicus
Lepeletier, 1845], by original designation.
Hensenia
Pagliano and Scaramozzino, 1990:5. Replacement name for Prosceliphron
van der Vecht, 1968. May by unnecessary because Prosceliphron
Frenguelli, 1946 is in doubt under Article 13 (Menke, 1990:29).
fuscum Klug
Sphex
hemipterus Fabricius, 1798:244, sex not indicated, primary homonym
of Sphex hemipterus Scopoli, 1772. Lectotype:
, "Isle de France" (MNHN, coll. Bosc), designated by van der
Vecht, 1961a:43 (use of word "type"). – As Pelopaeus
hemipterus: Fabricius, 1804:204 (new combination, redescription);
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:311 (revision, recorded from France);
F. Smith, 1856:229 (listed); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:101
(specimens in M. Spinola collection). – As Sceliphron hemipterum:
de Saussure, 1892:440 (Madagascar); Pérez, 1895b:210 (Seychelles Islands);
Cameron, 1907e:75 (Seychelles Islands; redescritpion); Kohl, 1909:371
(Madagascar); Turner, 1911b:369 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:45
(Réunion Island: use of provisioned nests by Pison argentatum),
68 (Réunion Island: life history); R. Turner, 1919b:238 (New Caledonia);
Kohl, 1918:108 (revision); Friederichs, 1918:30 (life history); von
Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Antananarivo,
Diego Suarez); Arnold, 1945:86 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1950:75
(Seychelles Islands; nesting behavior); Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar);
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Leclercq, 1961d:106 (Madagascar);
van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:237 (revision), 254 (hemipterum
is invalid junior homonym).
Sceliphron
fuscum Klug, 1801:566, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes:
"Isle de France" (ZMHU). – Strand, 1915:91 (as synonym
of Sceliphron coromandelicum; authorship attributed to Lepeletier);
van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:237 (as synonym of Sceliphron
hemipterum); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:105 (listed); Madl, Matyot,
and Schödl, 1996:831 (Seychelles Islands); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar:
Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
Sceliphron
quodi Vachal, 1907:144, , . Syntypes: New Caledonia: no
specific locality (MNHN). Synonymized with Sceliphron hemipterum
by van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:237. – Vachal, 1908:23 (New
Caledonia); Kohl, 1918:138 (original description copied).
SOLIERELLA
Solierella
Spinola, 1851a:349. Type species: Solierella chilensis Spinola,
1851, by monotypy.
Sylaon
Piccioli, 1869a:pl. 1. Type species: Silaon compeditus Piccioli,
1869, by monotypy.
Silaon
Piccioli, 1869b:283. Lapsus or emendation of Sylaon Piccioli,
1869.
Niteliopsis
S. Saunders, 1873:410. Type species: Niteliopsis pisonoides S.
Saunders, 1873, by monotypy. Gender: feminine (Article 30a of the Code).
Ammosphecidium
Kohl, 1878:701. Type species: Ammosphecidium helleri Kohl, 1878
[= Silaon compeditus Piccioli, 1869], by monotypy.
Lautara
Herbst, 1920a:217. Type species: Lautara jaffueli Herbst, 1920,
by monotypy.
madagascariensis
Arnold
Solierella
madagascariensis Arnold, 1945:139,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:313
(listed); Lomholdt, 1985:54 (revision); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar);
Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (paratypes in Bulawayo Museum).
pallidipes
Arnold
Solierella
pallidipes Arnold, 1945:140, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:313 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:56 (revision);
Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (paratypes in Bulawayo Museum).
SPHECIUS
Sphecius
Dahlbom, 1843:154. Type species: Sphecius speciosus Dahlbom,
1843 (secondary homonym of Sphecius speciosus (Drury, 1773))
[= Sphex specious Drury, 1773], by monotypy.
Hogardia
Dufour, 1841:228. Type species: Hogardia dufourrii Dufour, 1841,
by monotypy. Not available: published in synonymy of Stizus nigricornis
(Article 11e).
Hogardia
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:288. Type species: Hogardia rufescens
Lepeletier, 1845 [= Stizus hogardi Latreille, 1806, by tautonymy
(Article 68d)].
Sphecienus
Patton, 1879c:345. Type species: Stizus nigricornis Dufour, 1838,
by original designation
Nothosphecius
Pate, 1936d:199. Type species: Stizus grandidieri de Saussure,
1887, by original designation.
grandidieri
(de Saussure)
Stizus
grandidieri de Saussure, 1887:9,
(as Grandidieri, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype
or syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MNHN). – de Saussure, 1892:463 (Madagascar).
– As Sphecius grandidieri: Handlirsch, 1895:958 (new
combination; redescription); Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascar: Toliara); Arnold,
1945:67 (Madagascar; redescription); Evans, 1966d:111 (synopsis of known
behavior); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:511 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119
(Madagascar).
Sphecius
freyi Handlirsch, 1891:27,
(as Freyi, incorrect original capitalization) (possibly 1892).
Syntypes: , Madagascar: Nosibé
(NHMW). Synonymized with Sphecius grandidieri by de Saussure,
1892:463.
SPHEX
Sphex
Linnaeus, 1758:569. Type species: Sphex flavipennis Fabricius,
1793, designated by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature,
1946:571 (Opinion 180) which reversed its earlier designation as type
of Sphex sabulosus Linnaeus, 1758 (1911:76, Opinion 32).
Sphaex
Scopoli, 1772:122. Lapsus or emendation of Sphex Linnaeus, 1758.
Ammobia
Billberg, 1820:105. Type species Pepsis argentata (Fabricius,
1804) [= Sphex argentatus Fabricius, 1787], designated by Rohwer,
1911c:153
Proterosphex
Fernald, 1905:163. Type species: Sphex maxillosus Fabricius,
1793, junior homonym of Sphex maxillosus Poiret, 1787 [= Sphex
funerarius Gussakovskij, 1934].
Fernaldina
R. Bohart and Menke, 1963:130. Type species: Sphex lucae de Saussure,
1867. By monotypy.
fumicatus
voeltzkowii Kohl
Sphex
umbrosus var. voeltzkowii Kohl, 1909:370, (as Voeltzkowii, incorrect original
capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Tamatave, now Toamasina (ZMHU
or SIF). – As Chlorion umbrosum var. Voeltzkowi:
Arnold, 1945:89 (Madagascar; redescription). – As Sphex umbrosus
voeltzkowi: Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar). – As Sphex
fumicatus voeltzkowii: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:115 (listed).
malagassus
de Saussure
Sphex
malagassus de Saussure, 1890:pl. 18, fig. 38, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar:
no specific locality (MHNG). – Berland, 1927:153 (Madagascar);
Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:115
(listed).
Sphex
malagassus de Saussure, 1891:259, ,
.
Objective synonym of Sphex malagassus de Saussure, 1890 .
Sphex
malagassus de Sausure, 1892:259, ,
.
Objective synonym of Sphex malagassus de Saussure, 1890. –
Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha
Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae). – As Chlorion
malagassum: Arnold, 1945:89 (new combination, Madagascar, redescription).
torridus
F. Smith
Sphex
torridus F. Smith, 1873c:291,
(as torrida, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific
locality (BMNH). – de Saussure, 1892:426 (Madagascar, redescription);
Kohl, 1909:370 (Comoros, Madagascar, Mozambique Channel); Turner, 1911b:369
(Seychelles Islands); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48
(Madagascar: Antananarivo); Berland, 1927:153 (Madagascar); Leclercq,
1953b:211 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Leclercq,
1961d:108 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:117 (listed); Madl,
1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy
Boraha Sphecidae). – As Chlorion torridum: Arnold,
1945:90 (Madagascar; redescription).
SPILOMENA
Celia
Shuckard, 1837:182. Type species: Celia troglodytes (Vander Linden,
1829) [= Stigmus troglodytes Vander Linden], by original designation
and monotypy. Junior homonym of Celia Zimmermann, 1832.
Spilomena
Shuckard, 1838:79. Replacement name for Celia Shuckard, 1837.
Microglossa
Rayment, 1930:212. Type species: Microglossa longifrons Rayment,
by original designation. Junior homonym of Microglossa Voight,
1831.
Microglossella
Rayment, 1935:634. Replacement name for Microglossa Rayment,
1930.
Taialia
Tsuneki, 1971j:10. Type species: Taialia formosana Tsuneki,
1971, by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Spilomena
by R. Bohart in R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:41.
seyrigi
Arnold
Spilomena
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:142,
,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1959a:33 (in key), 34 (Madagascar: Ankaratra);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:193 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).
STIZOIDES
Stizoides
Guérin-Méneville, 1844:438 (as subgenus of Stizus). Type species:
Larra fasciata Fabricius, 1798 (secondary homonym of Stizus
fasciatus (Fabricius, 1798)) [= Sphex assimilis Fabricius,
1787], designated by J. Parker, 1929:10.
Omphalius
Vachal, 1900a:534, junior homonym of Omphalius Philippi, 1847.
Type species: Omphalius niger Vachal, 1900a:535 [= Stizoides
niger (Radoszkowski, 1881:208)], by monotypy.
Scotomphales
Vachal, 1900a:843. Replacement name for Omphalius Vachal, 1900a:534.
Scotomphales
Vachal, 1900b:233. Replacement name for Omphalius Vachal, 1900a:534.
Tachystizus
Minkiewicz, 1934:251. Not available: type species not designated (Article
13b).
Tachystizus
Pate, 1937c:63. Type species: Crabro tridentatus Fabricius, 1775,
by original designation. Validation of Tachystizus Minkeiwicz,
1934.
cyanipennis
(de Saussure)
Stizus
cyanipennis de Saussure, 1887:9, . Holotype or syntypes: Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG). – Handlirsch, 1892:106 (revision), 1895:188
(redescription); Dalla Torre, 1897:523 (listed); Arnold, 1945:77 (Madagascar;
revision). – As Stizolarra cyanipennis: de Saussure,
1892:470 (Madagascar, redescription). – As Stizoides cyanipennis:
Leclercq, 1961d:103 (Madagascar, new combination); Gillaspy, 1963a:378
(listed, in subgenus Stizoides s.s.); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:528
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar; specimen in MNHN erroneously
regarded as holotype agrees with Arnold's 1945 redescription); Ohl,
1999a:88 (in revision of the genus).
STIZUS
Stizus
Latreille, 1802b:344. Type species: "Stizus ruficornis"
Fabr. [= Bembix ruficornis Fabricius, 1787 (secondary homonym
of Vespa ruficornis J. Forster, 1771) = Vespa ruficornis
J. Forster, 1771, designated by Blanchard, 1846:pl.121.
Larra
Fabricius sensu Klug, 1845:pl. 46 and text (in part). R. Bohart and
Menke (1976:53) commented as follows: Larra Fabricius contained
unrelated species of sphecids as well as a scoliid and a tiphiid. Latreille
(1802b) recognized the conglomerate nature of the genus and restricted
Larra to wasps now placed in the Larrinae. He established the
new genus Stizus for the remaining sphecids of Fabricius' Larra.
Klug and F. Smith both restricted Larra to species assigned by
other authors to Latreille's Stizus. F. Smith (1856:273-274,
337) went so far as to designate a type species for Larra, although
his designation was antedated by that of Latreille, 1810 and others.
Species placed in Larra By Klug and F. Smith are now assigned
to Stizus, Stizoides, and Bembecinus.
Larra
Fabricius sensu F. Smith, 1856:337 (in part).
Megastizus
Patton, 1879c:344. Type species: Stizus brevipennis Walsh, 1869,
by original designation.
Stizolarra
de Saussure, 1887:9. Type species: Sphex vespiformis Fabricius,
1775, designated by Pate 1937c:62.
Megalostizus
W. Schulz, 1906:199. Emendation of Megastizus Patton, 1879.
berlandi
Arnold
Stizus
berlandi Arnold, 1945:76,
,
(as Berlandi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Bekily, Ranomafana (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:526 (listed);
Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).
TACHYSPHEX
Tachysphex
Kohl, 1883a:166. Type species: Tachysphex filicornis Kohl, 1883
[= Tachytes fugax Radoszkowski, 1877], designated by Bingham,
1897:192.
Schistosphex
Arnold, 1922:137. Type species: Schistosphex breijeri Arnold,
1922, by original designation and monotypy.
Atelosphex
Arnold, 1923a:177. Type species: Atelosphex miscophoides Arnold,
1923, by original designation and monotypy.
ambositrae
Leclercq
Tachysphex
ambositrae Leclercq, 1967b:67, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ambositra (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:272 (listed).
anceps Arnold
Tachysphex
anceps Arnold, 1945:102, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R.
Bohart and Menke, 1976:272 (listed).
bruneiceps
Arnold
Tachysphex
bruneiceps Arnold, 1923a:153, , . Syntypes: Zimbabwe: Sawmills and Plumtree
(SAM). – Arnold, 1930:3 (listed), 1945:97 (Madagascar), 1951:155
(Ethiopia: River Hawash); Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar), 1961d:109
(Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:273 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117
(Madagascar: Tamatave); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntypes
in Bulawayo Museum); Madl, 1997:821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
crassicornis
Arnold
Tachysphex
crassicornis Arnold, 1945:105, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ranomafana
(MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:273 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117
(Madagascar: Bekily).
excisus
Arnold
Tachysphex
dimidiatus de Sausssure, 1892:483, , secondary homonym of Tachysphex dimidiatus
(Panzer, 1809). Holotype: , Madagascar: Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG).
– Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar).
Tachysphex
dimidiatus var. excisus Arnold, 1945:104, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). Tentatively synonymized
with Tachysphex dimidiatus de Saussure by Menke in Bohart
and Menke, 1976:273. – Leclercq, 1960:198 (Madagascar). –
As Tachysphex excisus: Menke in Bohart and Menke,
1976:273 (new status); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar: Ihosy, Tamatave,
Tsimbazaza).
halictiformis
Arnold
Tachysphex
halictiformis Arnold, 1945:100, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). –
Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:274 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar: Bekily, Fampanambo).
insulsus
Arnold
Tachysphex
insulsus Arnold, 1945:104,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:274 (listed).
micromegas
de Saussure
Tachysphex
micromegas de Saussure, 1892:481, , . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province:
Anosibé, and Imerina Province: no specific locality (MHNG). – R.
Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles Islands); Arnold, 1945:102 (redescription);
1960a:98 (Madagascar, comparison with Tachysphex perniger), Leclercq,
1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:274 (listed); Leclercq,
1990b:118 (Madagascar: faunal records).
Tachysphex
sikorae de Saussure, 1892: pl. 27, fig. 2 (as Sikorae, incorrect
original capitalization). Objective synonym of Tachysphex micromegas.
Synonymized with Tachysphex micromegas by Menke in Bohart
and Menke, 1976:274.
perniger
Arnold
Tachysphex
perniger Arnold, 1947:166,
, .
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antsirabe (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (comparison
with Tachysphex micromegas), 99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:275 (listed).
scaurus
Arnold
Tachysphex
scaurus Arnold, 1945:98, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ihosy (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:110
(Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276 (listed).
sericeus
flavofimbriatus Arnold
Tachysphex
fluctuatus var. flavofimbriatus Arnold, 1945:97, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).
– Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar: Bekily). – As Tachysphex
fluctuatus flavofimbriatus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276. (listed).
sexinus
Leclercq
Tachysphex
sexinus Leclercq, 1961d:111, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ranomafana (MHNB).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276 (listed).
seyrigi
Arnold
Tachysphex
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:99, ,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar), 1961d:110 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar:
Bekily).
suavis Arnold
Tachysphex
suavis Arnold, 1929c:385, .
Holotype: , Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (SAM). – Arnold,
1930:3 (listed), 1945:97 (Madagascar); Leclercq, 1961d:109 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar:
Fort Dauphin).
subcoriaceus
Arnold
Tachysphex
subcoriaceus Arnold, 1945:98, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ranomafana (MNHN).
– Leclercq, 1961d:109 (description of ; Madagascar); R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:277 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar: Nosy-Komba).
subeditus
Leclercq
Tachysphex
subeditus Leclercq, 1961d:109, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toamasina: Foulpointe,
now Mahavelona (MHNB). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed).
villosus
Arnold
Tachysphex
villosus Arnold, 1947:164, .
Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R.
Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed).
TACHYTES
Tachytes
Panzer, 1806:129. Type species: Pompilus tricolor of Fabricius,
1798 [= Sphex tricolor Fabricius, 1793 (primary homonym of Sphex
tricolor Schrank, 1781) = Sphex tricoloratus Turton, 1801
= Tachytes obsoletus tricoloratus (Turton, 1801)], by
monotypy.
Lyrops
Illiger, 1807a:162. Type species: Andrena etrusca Rossi, 1790,
by monotypy. See also Illiger, 1807b:195.
Tachyptera
Dahlbom, 1843:133. Type species: Apis obsoleta Rossi, 1792, designated
by Patton, 1880b:391. Junior homonum of Tachyptera Berge, 1842.
Holotachytes
R. Turner, 1917d:10. Type species: Tachytes dichrous F. Smith,
1856, by original designation.
Calotachytes
R. Turner, 1917d:10. Type species: Tachytes marshalli R. Turner,
1912, by original designation.
Tachyoides
Banks, 1942:397. Type species: Tachytes mergus W. Fox, 1892,
by original designation.
Tachyplena
Banks, 1942:397. Replacement name for Tachyptera Dahlbom, 1843.
Tachyplena can be also regarded as a new genus name because Banks
designated Tachytes mandibularis Patton, 1880, as type species
(Bohart and Menke, 1976:44).
Tachynana
Banks, 1942:398. Type species: Tachytes obscurus Cresson, 1872
[= Tachytes chrysopyga obscurus Cresson, 1872], by original designation.
argyropis
de Saussure
Tachytes
argyropis de Saussure, 1887:18, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:476 (Madagascar,
redescription); Kohl, 1909:372 (Madagascar: Imerina, Toamasina, Toliara);
von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:47 (Madagascar: Antananarivo);
Arnold, 1945:108 (Madagascar; revision); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar),
1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:263 (listed); Leclercq,
1990b:118 (Madagascar).
copiosus
Arnold
Tachytes
copiosus Arnold, 1945:111,
,
(as copiosa, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Behara (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:264 (listed).
flavocinereus
Arnold
Tachytes
flavocinereus Arnold, 1945:112, , (as flavocinerea, incorrect original
termination). Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily, and Ivondro
(MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:112 (Madagascar). – As Tachytes
flavocinereus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:265 (listed); Leclercq,
1990b:118 (Madagascar).
indifferens
Arnold
Tachytes
indifferens Arnold, 1945:110, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99
(Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:265
(listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar:
Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
oviventris
de Saussure
Tachytes
oviventris de Saussure, 1891:260, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no
specific locality (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:109 (no specimens studied);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:266 (listed).
Tachytes
oviventris de Saussure, 1892:478, .
Objective synonym of Tachytes oviventris de Saussure, 1891.
picticornis
Arnold
Tachytes
picticornis Arnold, 1945:111, ,
.
Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and
Menke, 1976:266 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).
rufomarginatus
Arnold
Tachytes
rufomarginatus Arnold, 1945:109, , (as rufomarginata, incorrect original
termination). Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Tachytes
rufomarginatus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:266 (listed).
TRYPOXYLON
Trypoxylon
Latreille, 1796:121, no included species. Type species: Sphex figulus
Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Latreille, 1802b:339 (first included species).
Tripoxilon
Spinola, 1806:65. Lapsus or emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille,
1796.
Apius
Panzer, 1806:106. Type species: Sphex figulus of Panzer, 1801
[= Sphex figulus Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
Apius
Jurine, 1807:140, junior homonym of Apius Panzer, 1806. Type
species: Sphex figulus of Fabricius, 1775 [= Sphex figulus
Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Morice and Durrant, 1915:394.
Trypoxilon
Jurine, 1807:141 and tableau comparatif, p. 2. Lapsus or emendation
of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796.
Trypoxylum
Agassiz, 1846:380. Unjustified emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille,
1796.
Trypoxylum
W. Schulz, 1906:212, junior homonym of Trypoxylum Agassiz, 1846.
Unjustified emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796.
Trypargilum
Richards, 1934:191. Type species: Trypoxylon nitidum F. Smith,
1856, by original designation.
Asaconoton
Arnold, 1959:322. Type species: Trypoxylon egregium Arnold, 1959,
by original designation.
cataractae madecassum
Arnold
Trypoxylon
cataractae madecassum Arnold, 1945:9, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ranomafana (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:345 (listed); Tsuneki, 1981d:83 (Madagascar;
additional description); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island),
821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
errans
de Saussure
Trypoxylon
errans de Saussure, 1867:84, . Holotype or syntypes: , Mauritius Island
or Brazil: no specific locality, actually Mauritius (NHMW or MHNG).
– de Saussure, 1892:527 (Mauritius Island, redescription); R. Turner,
1911b:372 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:58 (Isle of Réunion, life
history); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar:
Diego Suarez); Richards, 1934:338 (member of scutatum species
group), 344 (life history summary); Arnold, 1945:7 (in key); Vesey-Fitzgerald,
1956b:362 (Seychelles); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:346 (listed); Tsuneki,
1978b:79 and 81 (in key), 1979a:13, 15, 17 (in key), 114 (Mauritius
Island, Rodrigues Island, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Burma,
Thailand, Cambodia, Malaya), 1979b:5 (in key), 20 (Sri Lanka), 1979c:5,
9 (in key), 28 (Indonesia: Java, Sumatra, Sumba), 1980a:11 (in key),
87 (Sulawesi), 1980b:11, 12 (in key), 115 (Philippines), 1981a:6 (in
key), 45 (Guam, Hawaii; additional description), 1981c:8, 9 (in key),
42 (Taiwan; additional description), 1981d:17 (Sri Lanka), 29 (India,
Singapore, Thailand), 49 (Burma), 78 (Hong Kong), 85 (Tanzania: Zanzibar;
additional description), 20, 62 (in key), 1981e:4, 6-8 (in key), 59
(Japan; additional description), 1981f:56 (member of errans species
group); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:833 (Seychelles Islands); Wu
and Zhou, 1996:103 (revision in Economic Insect Fauna of China).
Trypoxylon
intrudens F. Smith, 1870:188, .
Lectotype: , India: North-West Provinces, now Uttar
Pradesh: Mainpuri (BMNH), designated with Trypoxylon errans by
Tsuneki, 1978b:28. Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki,
1978b:28. – Kohl, 1885a:205 (listed); Cameron, 1889c:119 (listed)
and 123 (diagnostic characters); Bingham, 1896a:441 (references), 1897:224
(redescription); Green, 1903:68 (nesting in all available holes); Paiva,
1907:15 (India: Mussoorie); Bingham, 1908:355 (India: Purneah); Richards,
1934:315 (member of figulus species group); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:346 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978b:28 (redescription); Pu, 1986:8 (China).
Trypoxylon
canaliculatum Cameron, 1889c:122, sex non indicated. Lectotype:
, India: Barrackpore or Tirhoot or Mussoorie
Hills (OXUM), designated by Tsuneki, 1978b:38. Synonymized with Trypoxylon
errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:38. – Bingham, 1897:225 (redescription);
Cameron, 1889c:118 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:345 (listed).
Trypoxylon
geniculatum Cameron, 1902f:313,
. Lectotype: , India: Assam: Khasia Hills (BMNH), designated
by Tsuneki, 1978b:46. Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki,
1978b:46. – Richards, 1934:315 (member of figulus species
group); Begum, Bose, and Howlander, 1989:126 (life history in Bangladesh);
Begum, Khan, and Bose, 1995:176 (Bangladesh: Dhaka University Campus).
Trypoxylon
philippinense Ashmead, 1904c:283, (as
Philippinense, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype:
, Philippines: Luzon: Manila
(USNM). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:72.
– F. Williams, 1927 (nesting in hollow twigs), 1931:236 (nesting
in hollow twigs); Richards, 1934:343 (life history summary); Krombein,
1949b:381 (in key to Sphecidae of Micronesia), 400 (Marshall Islands);
Yoshimoto, 1960:333 (Hawaiian Islands).
Trypoxylon
gardineri Cameron, 1907e:76,
. Syntypes: , Seychelles Islands: Coetivy (BMNH).
Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by R. Turner, 1911b:372. –
Tsuneki, 1978b:60 (study of syntypes).
Trypoxylon
ornatipes Cameron, 1913:24, "
" =
, primary homonym of Trypoxylon ornatipes Cameron, 1889, and
of Trypoxylon ornatipes W. Fox, 1891. Holotype: , India: (BMNH). Synonymized with Trypoxylon
errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:60. – Richards, 1934:315 (member of
figulus species group).
Trypoxylon
pulawskii Tsuneki, 1956g:22, ,
.
Holotype: , Japan: Honshu: Utsunomiya (originally
K. Tsuneki coll., now Hyogo Mus.). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans
by Tsuneki, 1981e:59. – Tsuneki, 1956g:4, 8 (in key), 1966a:22
(Japan: Osaka), 1969e:25 (Japan), 1970d:13 (life history), 1973e:32
(in key), 1973d:150 (Japan: Saitama Prefecture), 1973e:36 (in key),
1975b:63 (Japan: Saitama Prefecture); Tano, 1994b:43 (holotype in K.
Tsuneki collection); Hashimoto and Nakanishi, 1997:23 (holotype transferred
to Hyogo Mus.).
Trypoxylon
tanoi Tsuneki, 1967d:13, , . Holotype: ,
Taiwan: Pingtun Prefecture: Fenglian (originally K. Tsuneki coll., now
USNM). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:72.
– Haneda, 1971b:30 (Taiwan); Tsuneki, 1971g:7 (Taiwan); Haneda,
1972:4 (Taiwan); Murota, 1973b:117 (Taiwan); Tsuneki, 1973f:44 (Taiwan),
1974b:630 (Thailand; discussion); Nuhn and Menke, 1994:26 (holotype
transferred to USNM).
Trypoxylon
saitamaense Tsuneki, 1973a:13, .
Holotype: , Japan: Saitama Prefecture: Kohnosu (originally
T. Nambu coll., now Hyogo Mus.). Synonymized with Trypoxylon
errans by Tsuneki, 1981e:59. – Nambu, 1973d:150 (Japan: Saitama
Prefecture); Tsuneki, 1973e:34, 38 (in key); Nambu, 1975b:63 (Japan:
Saitama Prefecture); Tano, 1995:41 (holotype in K. Tsuneki collection);
Hashimoto and Nakanishi, 1997:23 (holotype transferred to Hyogo Mus.).
Trypoxylon indicum Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:346. Replacement
name for Trypoxylon ornatipes Cameron, 1913.
hova
de Saussure
Trypoxylon
hova de Saussure, 1892:525,
. Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG). –
Arnold, 1945:9 (Madagascar; ); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart
and Menke, 1976:346 (listed); Tsuneki, 1981d:85 (Madagascar: Isalo,
Mahajanga); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in
checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).
luteosignatum
Arnold
Trypoxylon
luteosignatum Arnold, 1945:11, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara and Bekily
(MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:347 (listed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntype
in Bulawayo Museum).
punctatissimum
Arnold
Trypoxylon
punctatissimum Arnold, 1924:20, . Holotype: , South Africa: Cape Province:
Algoa Bay near Port Elizabeth (TMP). – Richards, 1934:338 (member
of scutatum species group; as punctatissimum Gribodo);
Arnold, 1945:11 (Madagascar;
); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar, nesting in twigs), 1965a:93 (in key),
119 (revision; Zaire); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:347 (listed); Tsuneki,
1978a:5 (in key); Rodgers and Homewood, 1982:234 (Tanzania: Usambara
Mountains).
scutifrons
de Saussure
Trypoxylon
scutifrons de Saussure, 1892:523, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Andrangoloaka, Anosibé
(MHNG). – Kohl, 1906a:201 (a species with frontal shield), 203
(in key to scutatum group); Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascare: Toamasina);
R. Turner, 1911b:373 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:58 (Isle of
Réunion: life history); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48
(Madagascar: Ilôt Prune); Richards, 1934:338 (member of scutatum
species group), 344 (life history summary); Arnold, 1945:14 (Madagascar);
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1950:75 (new to Seychelles Islands, as saitifrons);
Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar, nesting in old nests of Icaria,
a vespid; variation), 1961d:101 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:347
(listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:6, 7 (in key), 76 (redescription), 86 (relationships
to other species), 1981f:47 (single member of scutifrons species
group); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:833 (Seychelles Islands); Madl,
1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy
Boraha Sphecidae).
seyrigi
Arnold
Trypoxylon
seyrigi Arnold, 1945:12,
(as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar:
Bekily, Ivondro, Ranomafana, Roget (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke,
1976:348 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:7 (in key).
sinuosiscute
Arnold
Trypoxylon
sinuosiscutis Arnold, 1945:13, , , incorrect original termination. Syntypes:
Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:101 (Madagascar);
R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:348 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:6 (in key), 84
(redescription), 86 (relationships to other species), 1981f:17 (single
member of sinuosiscute species group); Hancock, Chahwanda, and
Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).
tuberculifrons
Arnold
Trypoxylon
tuberculifrons Arnold, 1945:8, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Rogez (MNHN).
– R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:348 (listed).
web page created by
Norman D. Penny
Last
updated 14 November 2000
|
