Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Ancistrus: [ 98 ] records

abilhoai, Ancistrus Bifi [A. G.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Zawadzki [C. H.] 2009:42, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 2275; ref. 30541] Lapa, middle Rio Iguaçu basin, Rio Iguaçu, 25°47'35"S, 50°11'59"W, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 10416. Paratypes: MCP 10435 (1), 10636 (1),18277 (1), 18278 (1); MHNCI 8429 (1), 8521 (1), 8574 (1), 8620 (1), 10403 (1), 10456 (1), 11390 (2); MZUSP 104117 (3); NUP 7502 (2), 7509 (3), Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus abilhoai Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki 2009 -- (de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Reis et al. 2020:466 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus abilhoai Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki 2009. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Iguaçu basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

aculeatus, Plecostomus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:158 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Tropical America. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. Based on literature sources. •Synonym of Ancistrus temminckii (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:73 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus temminckii (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

agostinhoi, Ancistrus Bifi [A. G.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Zawadzki [C. H.] 2009:47, Fig. 4 [Zootaxa No. 2275; ref. 30541] Foz do Jordão, 25°39'12"S, 51°58'15"W, lower Rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 104118. Paratypes: MHNCI, MZUSP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus agostinhoi Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki 2009 -- (de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Reis et al. 2020:466 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus agostinhoi Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki 2009. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: lower Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

aguaboensis, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Mazzoni [R.] & Weber [C.] 2001:293, Figs. 3-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 25716] Córrego Agua Boa, small tributary of River Bonito, a left bank tributary of the upper River Tocantins, 10 kilometers from Minaçú-Campinaçu, 13°35'S, 48°14'W, Minaçú, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 20850. Paratypes: MHNG 2612.46 (4, 1 c&s), 2612.47 (3); MNRJ 15192 (14); MZUSP 62957 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus aguaboensis Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:373 [ref. 27061], Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:570 [ref. 28242], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus aguaboensis Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber 2001. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

albocinctus, Hemiancistrus Ahl [E.] 1936:111 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 116 (nos 3/4); ref. 13679] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20955. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:93 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Peckoltia albocinctus (Ahl 1936) -- (Isbrücker 1980:55 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:434 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Ancistrus albocinctus (Ahl 1936) -- (Isbrücker 2001:25, 27 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Ancistrus multispinis (Regan 1912) -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Armbruster et al. 2015:99 [ref. 33670]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus multispinis (Regan 1912). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

alga, Chaetostomus Cope [E. D.] 1872:287, Pl. 15 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 16461-62 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:121 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Synonym of Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Ancistrus alga (Cope 1872) -- (Isbrücker 1980:66 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:217 [ref. 36344], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus alga (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: lower Napo River basin, upper Amazon basin (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

amaris, Ancistrus de Souza [L. S.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2019:9, Fig. 6 [Zootaxa 4552; ref. 36504] Río Las Marías, Orinoco/Apure drainage, Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, 9.402778°, -69.7375°. Holotype: MCNG 56679. Paratypes: AUM, CUMV, INHS, MCNG. •Valid as Ancistrus amaris de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus amaris de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Andean piedmont streams, Orinoco/Apure drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

baudensis, Ancistrus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:122, Figs. 33-36 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Alto Río Baudó, Pacific slope of Colombia, elevation 3000 feet. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71709. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:121 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus baudensis Fowler 1945 -- (Isbrücker 1980:66 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913 -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32678]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

bodenhameri, Ancistrus brevifilis Schultz [L. P.] 1944:305, Pl. 10 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río San Pedro at bridge south of Mene Grande, Río Motatán system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121066. Paratypes: MCZ 37241 [ex USNM 121067] (3); UMMZ 141940 [ex USNM 121067] (6); USNM 121067 (132, now 123), 121068-69 (1, 2), 121299 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:25 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Ancistrus brevifilis Eigenmann 1920, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Pérez & Viloria 1994:106 [ref. 22094]). •Valid as Ancistrus bodenhameri Schultz 1944 -- (Isbrücker 1980:66 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:27 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2016:539 [ref. 34727]). •Synonym of Ancistrus martini Schultz 1944 -- (Taphorn et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32678]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus martini Schultz 1944. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo tributaries, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

boliviana, Xenocara Steindachner [F.] 1915:95 [81], Pl. 9 (figs. 5-6) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Río Songo in North Yungas, upper Amazon River basin, Bolivia. Syntypes: (several) NMW 43475-76 (2, 27). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. On p. 81 of separate; also in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. Species not listed in earlier abstract [ref. 18909]. Species originally described as "Xenocara bufonia (C.V.) Regan, juv.? (an Xenocara boliviana n. sp.)." •Valid as Ancistrus bolivianus (Steindachner 1915) -- (Isbrücker 1980:66 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:235 [ref. 36344]). •Synonym of Ancistrus marcapatae (Regan 1904) -- (Bifi et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus marcapatae (Regan 1904). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevifilis, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:7, Fig. 2; Pl. 1 [Indiana University Studies v. 7 (no. 44); ref. 11120] Río Tiquirito at El Concejo, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 64609 [ex IU 15080]. Paratypes: CAS 64610 [ex IU 15080] (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus brevifilis Eigenmann 1920 -- (Isbrücker 1980:66 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2016:532 [ref. 34727], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[20] [ref. 35679], de Souza et al. 2019:14 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus brevifilis Eigenmann 1920. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Tuy River basin, Caribbean Sea coast, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinnis, Xenocara Regan [C. T.] 1904:257 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [Rio Camaquã basin]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1891.3.16.76. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus brevipinnis (Regan 1904) -- (Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303], Malabarba 1989:148 [ref. 14217], Muller 1989:894 [ref. 13512], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869] as brevispinnis, Bertaco et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34561], Loureiro et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40506], Widholzer et al. 2024:10 [ref. 40848]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus brevipinnis (Regan 1904). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin (Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

bufonius, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:511 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Río Apurimac, Peru, elevation 2000 meters. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2228 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:68 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus bufonius (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], Neuhaus et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40715]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus bufonius (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Apurimac River drainage, Ucayali River basin, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

calamita, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:515 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Río Apurimac, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2227 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:68 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus calamita (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Ancistrus bufonius (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Neuhaus et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40715]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus bufonius (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

caucanus, Ancistrus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:253, Figs. 40-43 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Sonsón, Río Cauca basin, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70516. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:122 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus caucanus Fowler 1943 -- (Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2013:346 [ref. 32678], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus caucanus Fowler 1943. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

centrolepis, Ancistrus Regan [C. T.] 1913:470 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, Colombia. Lectotype: BMNH 1913.10.1.58. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1910.4.11.122 (1) Rio San Juan, Colombia Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype designation not researched, not designated here. •Valid as Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913 -- (Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:219 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32678], Taphorn et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32678], de Oliveira et al. 2015:73 [ref. 33869], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:231 [ref. 36344]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Coastal drainages of northern Andes, rivers of northern Colombia, Atrato, Baudo and San Juan River basins: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

chagresi, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:47 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Río Chagres, Panama Canal Zone, Panama. Syntypes: MCZ 8026 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus chagresi Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2013:354 [ref. 32678], de Oliveira et al. 2015:73 [ref. 33869]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus chagresi Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Panama Canal Zone, Chagres, Gatun and Chorrera River basins, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

cirrhosus, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] 1836:Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] No locality. Non-types (possibly incl. holotype): MNHN 0000-4845 (4), A-9565 (2), and B-0603 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:68 [ref. 19575] as syntypes; technically the figured specimen is the unique holotype if identifiable, Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. Name available from plate as above, description in Valenciennes 1847:8 [ref. 5010]. Pl. 7 was published in 1836. See also Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:511 [ref. 1008]. A lectotype (MNHN 4845, 86.8 mm SL) was selected by Isbrücker 1980:67 [ref. 2303] but that has no standing. •Valid as Ancistrus cirrhosus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:38 [ref. 37559], Isbrücker 1980:67-68 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Gómez & Chebez 1996:65 [ref. 23791], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Britski et al. 1999:134 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Miquelarena et al. 2002:78 [ref. 26517], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27366] dating to 1840, Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Chiachio et al. 2008:610 [ref. 30127], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], Litz & Koerber 2014:25 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:41 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35565] dated 1840, Reis et al. 2020:466 [ref. 38364] as cf. cirrhosus). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus cirrhosus (Valenciennes 1836). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (Bolivia, Argentina and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

claro, Ancistrus Knaack [J.] 1999:71, Figs. 1-3 + unnumbered [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 47 (no. 10); ref. 23828] Rio Claro, above the bridge, in the direction of Chappada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 28667 [ex ZMB 32918]. Paratypes: MCP 28668 [ex ZMB 32919] (9). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus claro Knaack 1999 -- (Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus claro Knaack 1999. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Cuiabá River basin in upper Paraguay River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

clementinae, Ancistrus Rendahl [H.] 1937:4, Fig. 2 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 29 (pt. 3) A (art. 11); ref. 15300] Río Clementina system, northwest of Babahoyo, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): NRM 10369. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus clementinae Rendahl 1937 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:38 [ref. 37559], Isbrücker 1980:68 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:212 [ref. 34894], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:222 [ref. 36344]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus clementinae Rendahl 1937. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Pacific versant (Ecuador and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

cryptophthalmus, Ancistrus Reis [R. E.] 1987:82, Figs. 1, 3-4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 6263] Caverna Passa Três, about 300 meters into the cave, 13°20' to 13°52'S, 46°16' to 46°30'W, Rio São Vicente system, São Domingos, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 28809. Paratypes: IRSNB 730 (1), MAPA 2566-2567, MCP 10523, MFA 555, MFA 874-878, MZUSP 24486, MZUSP 28806, MZUSP 28807-08, ZMA 119409 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus cryptophthalmus Reis 1987 -- (Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Pérez & Viloria 1994:106 [ref. 22094], Sabino & Trajano 1997:73 [ref. 23465], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:570 [ref. 28242], Proudlove 2006:151 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus cryptophthalmus Reis 1987. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River, Tocantins River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cuiabae, Ancistrus Knaack [J.] 1999:151, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 47 (no. 12); ref. 23874] Pantanal, 36 kilometers southeast of Poconé, in a permanent remnant water of Rio Bento Gome, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 28671 [ex ZMB 32920]. Paratypes: BZM 32921 (9). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus cuiabae Knaack 1999 -- (Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus cuiabae Knaack 1999. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Cuiabá River basin in upper Paraguay River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

damasceni, Xenocara Steindachner [F.] 1907:292 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 44 (no. 17) (for 4 July 1907); ref. 18799] Rio Parnahyba near Victoria and Filomena, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 43489-90 (4, 7); ZSM 7579 [ex NMW 43491] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Neumann 2011:268 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Ancistrus damasceni (Steindachner 1907) -- (Isbrücker 1980:68 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Koerber et al. 2022:53 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40759] as cf. damasceni). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus damasceni (Steindachner 1907). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

dolichopterus, Ancistrus Kner [R.] 1854:274 [24], Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 7; ref. 2628] Manaus, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 46276 (2), 47164 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. On p. 24 of separate. •Valid as Ancistrus dolichopterus Kner 1854 -- (Isbrücker 1980:68 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:73 [ref. 33869], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], de Souza et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36504], Koerber et al. 2022:53 [ref. 39235] unconfirmed). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus dolichopterus Kner 1854. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

dubius, Ancistrus cirrhosus var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:48 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Gurupa [Curupá], Para State, Brazil. Holotype: MCZ 7993. Paratypes: MCZ 7983 (5), 7984 (orig. 5, now 6), 7993 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:68 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869] as cf. dubius, Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:235 [ref. 36344], de Souza et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Amazon River basin; middle Paraná and Paraguay River basins: Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

erinaceus, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:510 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Chile. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9568 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:68 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus erinaceus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:68 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus erinaceus (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Chile (?). Habitat: freshwater.

eustictus, Pristiancistrus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:121, Figs. 29-32 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Upper Río Baudó, Pacific slope of Colombia, elevation 3000 feet. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71710. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:122 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus eustictus (Fowler 1945) -- (Isbrücker 1980:68 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913 -- (see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[20] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus eustictus (Fowler 1945). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Baudó River basin, Colombia [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

falconensis, Ancistrus Taphorn [D. C.], Armbruster [J. W.] & Rodríguez-Olarte [D.] 2010:26, Figs. 2-3 [Zootaxa No. 2345; ref. 30697] El Hueque River, 11°09'41.4"N, 69°33'24.9" W, at bridge on highway from Churuguara to Coro, Falcón State, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 56067. Paratypes: ANSP 189316 (2); AUM 84518 (2); Cpucla 1638 (3); MNCL 54543 (9), 54538 (3), 54552 (12). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Ancistrus falconensis Taphorn, Armbruster & Rodríguez-Olarte 2010. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus falconensis Taphorn, Armbruster & Rodríguez-Olarte 2010. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Hueque and Ricoa rivers, (Caribbean) Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

formoso, Ancistrus Sabino [J.] & Trajano [E.] 1997:74, Figs. 3-4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 24 (no. 3/4); ref. 23465] Buraco do Ducho cave, Serra da Bodoquena, Município de Bonito, 21°08'S, 56°28'W, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP 51836. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus formoso Sabino & Trajano 1997 -- (Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Romero & Paulson 2001:29 [ref. 26040], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:154 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus formoso Sabino & Trajano 1997. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Cave in Formoso phreatic system, Rio Formoso basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

fulva, Xenocara Holly [M.] 1929:119 [3] [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 66 (no. 13) (for 2 May 1929); ref. 16088] Alto Rio Acara, tributary of Rio Guamá, south of Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNW 57203. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Bogutskaya et al. 2022:52 [ref. 39277]. On p. 3 of separate. •Valid as Ancistrus fulvus (Holly 1929) -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:73 [ref. 33869]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus fulvus (Holly 1929). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Acará River basin in lower Amazon drainage (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

galani, Ancistrus Pérez [A.] & Viloria [A.] 1994:105, Figs. 3-5 [Mémoires de Biospéologie v. 21; ref. 22094] Los Laureles cave, Río Socuy, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia State, Venezuela, 10°45'04"N, 72°27'42"W, elevation 650 meters. Holotype: MBLUZ 04351. Paratypes: MCP 15634 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus galani Pérez & Viloria 1994 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:170 [ref. 22901], Sabino & Trajano 1997:73 [ref. 23465], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Romero & Paulson 2001:29 [ref. 26040], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178] dated 1987, Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:153 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus galani Pérez & Viloria 1994. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Socuy River basin, Lake Maracaibo phreatic system, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

greeni, Chaetostoma Isbrücker [I. J. H.] in Isbrücker et al. 2001:24 [DATZ-Sonderheft Harnischwelse 2 [Special issue no. 2]; ref. 25649] "Rozmaiu, Upper Peru" [locality uncertain, Peru likely]. Lectotype: BMNH 1903.10.12.3. Paralectotype: BMNH 1903.10.12.4 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:228 [ref. 29155]. Replacement name for Chaetostomus maculatus Regan 1904, preoccupied by Chaetostomus (Ancistrus) cirrhosus var. maculata Steindachner 1881. Lectotype selected by Bifi & Ortega 2020:6 [ref. 37454]. •Valid as Chaetostoma greeni Isbrücker 2001 -- (Isbrücker in Isbrücker 2001:24 [ref. 25649], Isbrücker 2001:26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:380 [ref. 27061], Salcedo 2006:63 [ref. 28542], Ferraris 2007:228 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745] as cf. greeni). •Valid as Ancistrus greeni (Isbrücker 2001) -- (Lujan et al. 2015:673 [ref. 33975], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821], Bifi & Ortega 2020:3 [ref. 37454], Neuhaus et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40715]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus greeni (Isbrücker 2001). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios and Inambari River drainages, western Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

gymnorhynchus, Ancistrus Kner [R.] 1854:275 [25] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 7; ref. 2628] Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): NMW 43495. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. On p. 25 of separate. •Valid as Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854 -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2010:21 [ref. 30697], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[20] [ref. 35679], de Souza et al. 2019:58 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Venezuela: Coastal rivers of Falcón, Lara, Carabobo and Yaracuy states and upper Pao River drainage in the Orinoco River basin Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

heterorhynchus, Xenocara Regan [C. T.] 1912:668, Pl. 76 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1912 (pt 3) (art. 36); ref. 14862] Uruhuasi, Peru, elevation 4000 feet. Syntypes: BMNH 1911.12.20.35-36 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus heterorhynchus (Regan 1912) -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Ancistrus marcapatae (Regan 1904) -- (Bifi et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus marcapatae (Regan 1904). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

hoplogenys, Chaetostomus Günther [A.] 1864:247 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1849.11.8.89-91 (3), ? BMNH 1864.1.21.85 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:39 [ref. 37559], Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Britski et al. 1999:134 [ref. 24147], Le Bail et al. 2000:226 [ref. 24549] as aff. hoplogenys, Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33621] not in Argentina, Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Nión et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[20] [ref. 35679], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:229 [ref. 36344], de Souza et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36504], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther 1864). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay River basins (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

jataiensis, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Cardoso [A. R.], da Silva [J. F. P.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2005:567, Fig. 4 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 112 (no. 2); ref. 28242] Mambaí, córrego Jataí, tributary of rio Vermelho, 14°29'S, 46°06'W, rio Tocantins basin, Goías State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 35244. Paratypes: MCP 33921 (3, 1 c&s), 33923 (1); MHNG 2652.92 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus jataiensis Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005 -- (Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:531 [ref. 28561], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], de Oliveira et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34368]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus jataiensis Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jelskii, Chaetostomus Steindachner [F.] 1876:603 [53] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] Amable Maria and Monterico, Peru. Syntypes: (several) NMW [lost]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. On p. 53 of separate. •Valid as Ancistrus jelskii (Steindachner 1876) -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], Neuhaus et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40715]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus jelskii (Steindachner 1876). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Tulumayo River drainage, upper Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

karajas, Ancistrus de Oliveira [R. R.], Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], Zawadzki [C. H.] & Zuanon [J.] 2016:71, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 34368] Igarapé Alemão, rio Parauapebas, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, rio Tocantins basin, Pará, Brazil, 6°00'13"S, 50°34'34"W. Holotype: INPA 37583. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus karajas de Oliveira, Rapp Py-Daniel, Zawadzki & Zuanon 2016. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus karajas de Oliveira, Rapp Py-Daniel, Zawadzki & Zuanon 2016. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: lower rio Tocantins basin (Pará, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

karstenii, Hypostomus Lütken [C. F.] (ex Krøyer) 1874:204 [3] [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1873 (nos 13-14); ref. 2854] On p. 3 of separate. Not available, name in the synonymy of Chaetostomus gymnorhynchus (Kner 1854) -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303]). •Treated as synonym of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854 -- (Isbrücker 2001:28 [ref. 25653]). •In the synonymy of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854 -- (Isbrücker 2002:19 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2010:21 [ref. 30697]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854. Loricariidae: Hypostominae.

kellerae, Ancistrus de Souza [L. S.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2019:16, Figs. 9-10 [Zootaxa 4552; ref. 36504] Kuribrong River, in rapids at Grass Shoals, Potaro River drainage, Region 8 (Potaro/Siparuni), Guyana, 5.40791°, -59.53179°. Holotype: CSBD F 1721. Paratypes: AUM, FMNH. •Valid as Ancistrus kellerae de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus kellerae de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Kuribrong River drainage, Potaro River system, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

krenakarore, Ancistrus de Oliveira [R. R.], Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], Zawadzki [C. H.] & Zuanon [J.] 2016:69, Figs. 2a, 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 34368] Rio Itapacurá, right bank tributary of Rio Tapajós, Rurópolis, Pará State, Brazil, 4°36'20"S, 55°30'41"W. Holotype: INPA 34155. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MCP, MPEG, MZUSP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus krenakarore de Oliveira, Rapp Py-Daniel, Zawadzki & Zuanon 2016 -- (Neuhaus et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39129]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus krenakarore de Oliveira, Rapp Py-Daniel, Zawadzki & Zuanon 2016. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: lower rio Tapajós drainage (Pará, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

latifrons, Chaetostomus Günther [A.] 1869:426 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 2); ref. 5780] Upper Amazon River, Peru. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1869.5.21.4. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus latifrons (Günther 1869) -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], de Oliveira et al. 2015:73 [ref. 33869], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[20] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus latifrons (Günther 1869). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Amazon and Solimões River basins: Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

leoni, Ancistrus de Souza [L. S.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2019:20, Figs. 11-12 [Zootaxa 4552; ref. 36504] Río Negro, in rapids about 1 km south (downstream) of the mouth of the Casiquiare, Atabapo District, Amazonas State, Venezuela, 1.987611°, -67.120250°. Holotype: MCNG 56680 [ex MCNG 53811]. Paratypes: AUM, CAS, MCNG. •Valid as Ancistrus leoni de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus leoni de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper río Negro and río Orinoco, Venezuela, northernmost Brazil and probably tributaries of the río Negro in adjacent regions of Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

leucostictus, Chaetostomus Günther [A.] 1864:248 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.21.85. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus leucostictus (Günther 1864) -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Le Bail et al. 2000:228 [ref. 24549] as cf. leucostictus, Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], de Souza et al. 2019:24 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus leucostictus (Günther 1864). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Middle and upper Essequibo River basin, Guyana, and probably Cuyuni River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

lineolatus, Ancistrus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:255, Figs. 44-47 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70517. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:123 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus lineolatus Fowler 1943 -- (Isbrücker 1980:69 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:570 [ref. 28242], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633]). •Synonym of Ancistrus malacops (Cope 1872) -- (Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:227 [ref. 36344]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus malacops (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

lithurgicus, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:241, Fig. 36, Pl. 25 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Crab Falls, Essequibo River, Guyana [approximately 5.403128, -58.820068]. Holotype: FMNH 53091 [ex CM 1524]. Paratypes: (15) BMNH 1911.10.31.107-108 (2); CAS 64613 [ex IU 11950] (4); FMNH 7413 (1), 53092 (4); MCZ 30051 [ex CM 1525 or IU 11950] (1); CAS-SU 21904 (1); USNM 66104 [ex CM 1525] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:83 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:45-46 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:8 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:25 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155].. Appeared first as name only in Eigenmann 1910:409 [ref. 1224]. •Valid as Ancistrus lithurgicus Eigenmann 1912 -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], de Souza et al. 2019:27 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus lithurgicus Eigenmann 1912. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Essequibo and Berbice River basins, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

lujanensis, Typupiscis Toledo [M. J.] (ex Ameghino) 2022:3, Fig. 5 [Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Nova Serie v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 39266] Río de Luján, at Luján, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Holotype (unique): Not preserved. Based on unpublished photograph by Florentino Ameghino (1874). Not available, described in synonymy, also no formal diagnosis or typification. •In the synonymy of Ancistrus cirrhosus (Valenciennes 1836) -- (Toledo et al. 2022:1 [ref. 39266]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus cirrhosus (Valenciennes 1836). Loricariidae: Hypostominae.

luzia, Ancistrus Neuhaus [E. B.], Britto [M. R.], Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Sousa [L. M.] 2022:3, Figs. 1-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 1): e210129; ref. 39129] Unknown stream next to bridge on road about 8 km from the road BR-163, rio Teles Pires basin, Guarantã do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 09°47'15"S, 54°57'33"W. Holotype: MNRJ 51458. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Ancistrus luzia Neuhaus, Britto, Birindelli & Sousa 2022. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus luzia Neuhaus, Britto, Birindelli & Sousa 2022. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: rio Teles Pires drainage, rio Tapajós basin, and middle and upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

macrophthalma, Xenocara Pellegrin [J.] 1912:271, Fig. 1 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 37 (no. 8); ref. 14857] Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1887-0650. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:69 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus macrophthalmus (Pellegrin 1912) -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633], de Souza et al. 2019:31 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus macrophthalmus (Pellegrin 1912). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco River system from the Río Cinaruco and further upstream to the Río Casiquiare, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

maculata, Chaetostomus (Ancistrus) cirrhosus var. Steindachner [F.] 1881:123 [23] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 43; ref. 14290] Cudajas, Obidos, Rio Tajapoura, Rio Chagres, South America. Syntypes: (several) NMW 47282 (1), 47289-90 (2, 1), 55035 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus maculatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus maculatus (Steindachner 1881). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Chaetostomus Regan [C. T.] 1904:246, Pl. 14 (fig. 4) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Rozmaiu, Peru. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.10.12.3-4 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:228 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. Preoccupied by Chaetostomus (Ancistrus) cirrosus var. maculata Steindachner 1881, replaced by Chaetostoma greeni Isbrücker in Isbrücker et al. 2001:24. •Valid as Chaetostoma maculatum Regan 1904 -- (Isbrücker 1980:62 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:17 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:26 [ref. 25653]). •Synonym of Chaetostoma greeni Isbrücker 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:14 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:385 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:228 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Ancistrus greeni (Isbrücker 2001) -- (Lujan 2015:673 [ref. 33975]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus greeni (Isbrücker 2001). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

malacops, Chaetostomus Cope [E. D.] 1872:287, Pl. 5 (figs. 2a-b) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 8299 (2, disintegrated). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:123 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus malacops (Cope 1872) -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:227 [ref. 36344], de Souza et al. 2019:61 [ref. 36504], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus malacops (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

maldonadoi, Ancistrus Bifi [A. G.] & Ortega [H.] 2020:Figs. 3b, 4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 1) e190070; ref. 37454] Río Salvación, río Madre de Dios basin, Manu Province, Manu District, Peru, 12°55'05"S, 71°27'36"W. Holotype: MUSM 57733. Paratypes: INPA, MPUJ, MUSM. MZUSP, NUP Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus maldonadoi Bifi & Ortega 2020. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus maldonadoi Bifi & Ortega 2020. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios and Inambari River drainages, western Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

maracasae, Ancistrus Fowler [H. W.] 1946:2, Figs. 1-4 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 165; ref. 13124] Maracas River, Trinidad Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71723. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:123 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus maracasae Fowler 1946 -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Phillip et al. 2013:19 [ref. 32896], Bifi et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36821]). •Synonym of Ancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864) -- (de Souza et al. 2019:48 [ref. 36504]) Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

marcapatae, Chaetostomus Regan [C. T.] 1904:246, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Marcapata Valley, eastern Peru (río Inambari basin). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1902.5.29.211. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:229 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Chaetostoma marcapatae Regan 1904 -- (Isbrücker 1980:62 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:17 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:381 [ref. 27061], Salcedo 2006:63 [ref. 28542], Ferraris 2007:229 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Ancistrus marcapatae (Regan 1904) -- (Lujan et al. 2015:673 [ref. 33975], Bifi et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus marcapatae (Regan 1904). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Beni and Madre de Dios drainages, Madeira basin, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

martini, Ancistrus triradiatus Schultz [L. P.] 1944:302, Pl. 9 (figs. C-D) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río Táchira, 7 kilometers north of San Antonio, Río Catatumbo system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121064. Paratypes: MCZ 37233 (1); USNM 120094 (1), 121065 (3, now 2, 1 to MCZ). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:25 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus martini Schultz 1944 -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2013:357 [ref. 32678], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus martini Schultz 1944. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

mattogrossenssis, Ancistrus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1912:5 [Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae e Trichomycteridae Annexo no. 5; ref. 3718] Mato Grosso?, Brazil. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:300 [ref. 29155]. Perhaps intended to be mattogrossensis as used by current authors. •Valid as Ancistrus mattogrossensis Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (Isbrücker 1980:70 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Knaack 1999:152 [ref. 23874], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061]). •Species inquirenda in Loricariidae -- (Ferraris 2007:300 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541] as not in Ancistrus). Current status: Uncertain as Ancistrus mattogrossensis Miranda Ribeiro 1912. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Mato Grosso?, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

maximus, Ancistrus de Oliveira [R. R.], Zuanon [J.], Zawadzki [C. H.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] 2015:76, Figs. 1-2, 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33869] Roraima, Rorainópolis, Macoari stream, tributary to right side of rio Branco, 1°09'12.1"S, 61°50'40.8"W, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 25629. Paratypes: INPA, MHNG, MZUSP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus maximus de Oliveira, Zuanon, Zawadzki & Rapp Py-Daniel 2015 -- (de Oliveira et al. 2016:78 [ref. 34368], de Souza et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus maximus de Oliveira, Zuanon, Zawadzki & Rapp Py-Daniel 2015. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Branco drainage (Roraima, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

megacanthus, Ancistrus Widholzer [R. L.], Borsoi [J.], Reis [R. E.] & Lehmann A. [P.] 2024:4, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 1): e230078; ref. 40848] Rio Vacacaí on road RS-630, tributary to rio Jacuí, laguna dos Patos system, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 30°27'18"S, 54°22'26"W. Holotype: MCP 19582. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Ancistrus megacanthus Widholzer, Borsoi, Reis & Lehmann A. 2024. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus megacanthus Widholzer, Borsoi, Reis & Lehmann A. 2024. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Jacuí River drainage, Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

megalostomus, Ancistrus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:23, Pl. 7 (figs. 1-2) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Huachi, at junction of Bopi and Cochabamba rivers, Bolivia, elevation 2235 feet. Syntypes: CAS 64614 [ex IU 17007] (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus megalostomus Pearson 1924 -- (Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:235 [ref. 36344] in ? Chaetostoma, Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus megalostomus Pearson 1924. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Beni River basin in Madeira River drainage, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

melas, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1916:83 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1-2) (art. 6); ref. 1233] Condoto, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 58339 [ex CM 7335]. Paratypes: CAS 64615-16 [ex IU 13650-01] (2, 1), FMNH 58340 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:83 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:8 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus melas Eigenmann 1916 -- (Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913 -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:374 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32678]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus centrolepis Regan 1913. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

minutus, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Mazzoni [R.] & Weber [C.] 2001:298, Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 25716] Córrego Batéias, a left bank tributary of the upper rio Tocantins, 13°49'S, 48°20'W, Minaçú, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 20851. Paratypes: MHNG 2612.48 (2), 2612.49 (2, 1 c&s), 2612.50 (1); MNRJ 15221 (4), 15243 (2), 15258 (6), 15272 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus minutus Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:570 [ref. 28242], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus minutus Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber 2001. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins tributaries in Goiás State upstream of Serra da Mesa dam, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

miracollis, Ancistrus Bifi [A. G.], de Oliveira [R. R.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] 2019:2, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 36821] Igarapé do Mureru, tributary of rio Sucunduri, rio Madeira basin, comunidade Terra Preta, Apuí, Amazonas State, Brazil, 7°45'45"S, 58°49'00"W. Holotype: INPA 57624. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Ancistrus miracollis Bifi, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus miracollis Bifi, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Sucunduri drainage, Madeira basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

montana, Xenocara Regan [C. T.] 1904:258, Pl. 14 (fig. 6) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Tumupasa, Andes of Bolivia, elevation 1500 feet. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1902.12.18.4. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus montanus (Regan 1904) -- (Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], Bifi et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36821]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus montanus (Regan 1904). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Beni River drainage, upper Madeira basin, Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

mullerae, Ancistrus Bifi [A. G.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Zawadzki [C. H.] 2009:50, Fig.5 [Zootaxa No. 2275; ref. 30541] Três Barras do Paraná, lower Rio Iguaçu basin, affluent of Rio Iguaçu, Rio Guarani, 25°25'29"S, 53°07'30"W, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 104121. Paratypes: At MCP, MHNCI, MZUSP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ancistrus mullerae Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki 2009 -- (de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:466 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus mullerae Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki 2009. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

multispinis, Xenocara Regan [C. T.] 1912:668, Pl. 76 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1912 (pt 3) (art. 36); ref. 14862] Rio Humboldt, Rio Itapocú, Santa Catherina, southeastern Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1910.7.26.32. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1910.7.26.31 (1), 1910.7.26.33 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Muller 1989:894 [ref. 13512]. •Valid as Ancistrus multispinis (Regan 1912) -- (Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Muller 1989:894 [ref. 13512], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30541], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Bertaco et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34561], Reis et al. 2020:466 [ref. 38364], Widholzer et al. 2024:21 [ref. 40848]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus multispinis (Regan 1912). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Atlantic coastal drainages of eastern Brazil from Macacú River to Maquiné River (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

nationi, Lasiancistrus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1972:23, Pl. 23 [Análisis ictiológico del complejo hidrográfico; ref. 19696] Río Yaracuy drainage, Venezuela. Holotype: AFY (lost). Paratypes: (9). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Lasiancistrus nationi Fernández-Yépez 1972 -- (Isbrücker 1980:45 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:434 [ref. 12860], Knaack 2000:58 [ref. 27233], Isbrücker 2001:29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:388 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Ancistrus nationi (Fernández-Yépez 1972) -- (Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854 -- (Taphorn et al. 2010:21 [ref. 30697], DoNascimiento 2016:540 [ref. 34727]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Venezuela [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

nudiceps, Hypostomus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1849:631 [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Takutu, Guyana. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3180. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061] treats ZMB 3180 as the holotype [needs checking]. •Valid as Ancistrus nudiceps (Müller & Troschel 1849) -- (Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], de Souza et al. 2019:35 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus nudiceps (Müller & Troschel 1849). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Essequibo River system and tributaries of the Amazon River basin (Takutu River), Guyana, and Cuyuni River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

occidentalis, Xenocara Regan [C. T.] 1904:257, Pl. 14 (fig. 5) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Syntypes: (7) BMNH 1880.12.8.69-74 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus occidentalis (Regan 1904) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:39 [ref. 37559], Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:377 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745]). •Synonym of Ancistrus malacops (Cope 1872) -- (Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:227 [ref. 36344]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus malacops (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

occloi, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Myers 1928:86 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 3100] Río Urubamba at Ollantaytambo, Upper Amazon system, Peru, elevation 9000 feet. Holotype: CAS 66847. Paratypes: CAS 71818 [ex IU 15067] (1); MCZ 30972 (1), ?30973 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155]. Author is C. H. Eigenmann. •Valid as Ancistrus occloi Eigenmann 1928 -- (Isbrücker 1980:71 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:223 [ref. 29155], Neuhaus et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40715]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus occloi Eigenmann 1928. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: upper Urubamba River basin, upper Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

parecis, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Cardoso [A. R.], da Silva [J. F. P.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2005:529, Figs. 3-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28561] Campos de Júlio, rio Formiga, tributary of rio Juruena, upper Tapajós basin, on road BR-364, 13°41'01"S, 59°12'11"W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 35570. Paratypes: MCP 35571 (2), MHNG 2664.034 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus parecis Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], de Oliveira et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34368], Neuhaus et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39129]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus parecis Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

patronus, Ancistrus de Souza [L. S.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2019:39, Figs. 5B, 19-20 [Zootaxa 4552; ref. 36504] Ventuari River at mouth of Camoni creek, 145 km NNE of Macaruco, 189 km NE of San Fernando de Atabapo, Orinoco River Basin, Amazonas, Venezuela, 5.05588°, -66.32742°. Holotype: MCNG 56681 [ex AUM 39876]. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, INHS, MCNG, UF. •Valid as Ancistrus patronus de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus patronus de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper río Orinoco from the río Cinaruco upstream and the río Casiquiare, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

pirareta, Ancistrus Muller [S.] 1989:891, Fig. 2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 96 (no. 4); ref. 13512] Tributary of Río Tebicuary-mi, 25°30'S, 56°55'W, Salto Pirareta, Cordillera, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2450.10. Paratypes: (81) CFA-IC 10699 [ex ILPLA 699, ex MHNG 2268.56] (3); MNHG 2268.56 (?), MCP (2), USNM 307765 (2), ZFMK 16281-82 (2), ZMA 120139 (5), ZSM 27592 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:25 [ref. 19771], Weber 1998:9 [ref. 32707], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Herder et al. 2010:121 [ref. 31087], Neumann 2011:262 [ref. 31652], Bogan et al. 2019:17 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Ancistrus pirareta Muller 1989 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:170 [ref. 22901], Muller 1990 [ref. 14539], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], Lujan & Armbruster 2011:224 [ref. 31416], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869] as cf. pirareta, Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus pirareta Muller 1989. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: upper Tebicuary-mi River basin in lower Paraguay River drainage (Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

piriformis, Ancistrus Muller [S.] 1989:887, Fig. 1 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 96 (no. 4); ref. 13512] Río Acaray, above the lake behind the dam, 25°23'S, 54°42'W, Alto Paraná, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2450.11. Paratypes: (103) CFA-IC 10698 [ex ILPLA 698, ex MHNG 2268.58] (3); MHNG 2160.25 (1), 2268.20 (1), 2268.58-59 (?); MCP (2); USNM 307766 (2); ZFMK 16279-80 (2); ZMA 120328 (5); ZSM 27593 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:25 [ref. 19771], Weber 1998:9 [ref. 32707], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Herder et al. 2010:121 [ref. 31087], Neumann 2011:262 [ref. 31652], Bogan et al. 2019:17 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Ancistrus piriformis Muller 1989 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:170 [ref. 22901], Muller 1990 [ref. 14539], Miquelarena et al. 1997:70 [ref. 23469], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], Mirande & Koerber 2015:41 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus piriformis Muller 1989. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Acaray River basin in middle Paraná River drainage and upper Paraná River basin (Argentina and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

punctata, Chaetostomus (Ancistrus) cirrhosus var. Steindachner [F.] 1881:123 [23] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 43; ref. 14290] Rio Branco, Rio Guaporé in Mato Grosso, Coary, Tabatinga, Amazon. Syntypes: (several) NMW 47163 (3), 47279-81 (3, 2, 2), 47288 (1), Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus punctatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Isbrücker 1980:72 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:222 [ref. 29155], Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther 1864). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatum, Hypostoma Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:145 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, South America. Holotype (unique): not saved. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]. Based on Schomburgk drawing no. 68. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Isbrücker 1980:72 [ref. 2303]). •Synonym of Ancistrus dolichopterus Kner 1854 -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:375 [ref. 27061] on Art. 60.1, Ferraris 2007:220 [ref. 29155]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus dolichopterus Kner 1854. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

ranunculus, Ancistrus Muller [S.], Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Zuanon [J.] 1994:290, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 21571] Rio Xingu, furo do Tucum Seco, near Arroz Cru, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 9509. Paratypes: AMNH 97639 (2); ANSP 172620-21 (1, 1); INPA 3943 (3), 3953 (45), 3961 (3), 4024 (1), 4093 (2); MHNG 2550.96-98 (1; 12, 2 c&s; 2), 2550.99 [ex ZSM 27309] (1), 2644.42 [ex. ZSM 27782] (1); MPEG 3372-73 (1, 1); MZUSP 47614 (2); USNM 331162 (2); ZMA 121162 (2); ZSM 27116 (1), 27199 (1), 27309 (2 now 1), 27782 (4 now 3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Neumann 2011:263 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Ancistrus ranunculus Muller, Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon 1994 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:170 [ref. 22901], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1997:185 [ref. 22785], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Neuhaus et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39129]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus ranunculus Muller, Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon 1994. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

reisi, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Cardoso [A. R.], da Silva [J. F. P.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2005:564, Fig. 3 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 112 (no. 2); ref. 28242] Mambaí, córrego das Dores, tributary of rio Vermelho, 14°29'S, 46°06'W, rio Tocantins basin, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 34818. Paratypes: MCP 33922 (5), 33924 (4), 33925 (7); MHNG 2652.91 (4) Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus reisi Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005 -- (Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:531 [ref. 28561], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], de Oliveira et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34368]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus reisi Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

rothschildi, Xenocara Regan [C. T.] 1905:242 [Novitates Zoologicae v. 12; ref. 15385] San Esteban near Porto Cabello, Venezuela. Syntypes: BMNH 1904.11.9.27-31 (5). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus rothschildi (Regan 1905) -- (Isbrücker 1980:72 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854 -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2010:21 [ref. 30697]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner 1854. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

saudades, Ancistrus de Souza [L. S.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2019:43, Figs. 21-22 [Zootaxa 4552; ref. 36504] Creek at second wooden bridge from Moco-Moco power station, Amazon/Branco/Takutu River, Region 9, Rupununi, Guyana, 3.30318°, -59.65038°. Holotype: CSBD F 1722. Paratypes: AUM, FMNH. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Ancistrus saudades de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus saudades de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Takutu, upper Ventuari, upper Caura, and upper Caroni River drainages, Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

schneideri, Hypostomus Boeseman [M.] (ex Temminck) 1972:295 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 47 (no. 23); ref. 19698] Manuscript name mentioned in passing, not available; Temminck's name with specimen which Valenciennes published as temminckii. •In the synonymy of Ancistrus temminckii (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:73 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2001:28 [ref. 25653]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus temminckii (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae.

sericeus, Chaetostomus Cope [E. D.] 1872:288 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 22005. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:124 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:230 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. Original mentions two specimens; lectotype established by Fowler 1915:234 [ref. 1392]. •Valid as Chaetostoma sericeum Cope 1872 -- (Isbrücker 1980:63 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:17 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:436 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:382 [ref. 27061], Salcedo 2006:63 [ref. 28542], Ferraris 2007:230 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745]). •Valid as Ancistrus sericeus (Cope 1872) -- (Lujan et al. 2015:673 [ref. 33975], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus sericeus (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

shuar, Ancistrus Provenzano [F.] & Barriga Salazar [R. E.] 2018:213, Figs. 1, 2, 3D, 4, 11A [Zootaxa 4527 (no. 2); ref. 36344] Kushapukus River, tributary of the Santiago River, 5 km W of the military post Santiago, Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador, approximately 03°02'13"S, 78°01'55"W. Holotype: MEPN 17984. Paratypes: MECN, MEPN. •Valid as Ancistrus shuar Provenzano & Barriga Salazar 2018. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus shuar Provenzano & Barriga Salazar 2018. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Santiago River basin, Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

spinosus, Ancistrus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1916:252 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 15); ref. 2962] Río Calobre, tributary of Río Bayano, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 8942. Paratypes: (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:8 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus spinosus Meek & Hildebrand 1916 -- (Isbrücker 1980:72 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061] Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus spinosus Meek & Hildebrand 1916. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Pacific and Caribbean river drainages, eastern Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaticus, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:48 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] São Matheos [= São Mateus], Goiás, Espirito Santo, 15°47'S, 50°07'W, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 77659. Paralectotypes: MCZ 8022 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. Description appears in key on p. 47. Lectotype selected by Muller 1989:895 [ref. 13512]. •Valid as Ancistrus stigmaticus Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:72 [ref. 2303], Muller 1989:895 [ref. 13512], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus stigmaticus Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tamboensis, Ancistrus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:9, Figs. 13-15 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 159; ref. 13141] Satipo, upper Tambo basin, Río Ucayali drainage, Peru, elevation 600 meters. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71643. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:125 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus tamboensis Fowler 1945 -- (Isbrücker 1980:72 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298], Neuhaus et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40715]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus tamboensis Fowler 1945. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Tambo River drainage, upper Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

taunayi, Ancistrus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:631 [3] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3725] Rio Lageado, Itaqui, Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 975. Paralectotypes: (7) MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 5398-5399 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. On p. 3 of separate. Lectotype selected by Britski 1969:208 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Ancistrus taunayi Miranda Ribeiro 1918 -- (Isbrücker 1980:73 [ref. 2303], Muller 1989:896 [ref. 13512], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Bifi et al. 2009:41 [ref. 30541], Koerber 2011:5 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33621], Koerber & Litz 2014:4 [ref. 34967], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], Mirande & Koerber 2015:41 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:5 [ref. 35098], Nión et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40506], Widholzer et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40848]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus taunayi Miranda Ribeiro 1918. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

tectirostris, Chaetostomus Cope [E. D.] 1872:288, Pl. 15 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 8298 (1), 8300 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:125 [ref. 13621] with 8298 as holotype, Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus tectirostris (Cope 1872) -- (Isbrücker 1980:73 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:376 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:221 [ref. 29155], Koerber et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35267]). •Synonym of Ancistrus alga (Cope 1872) -- (Provenzano & Barriga-Salazar 2018:217 [ref. 36344]). Current status: Synonym of Ancistrus alga (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

temminckii, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:514 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Suriname. Holotype (unique): RMNH 3123. Type information: Boeseman 1972:305 [ref. 19698], Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155]. For locality information see Boeseman 1972:305 [ref. 19698]. •Valid as Ancistrus temminckii (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:73 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708] as teminckii, Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Le Bail et al. 2000:230 [ref. 24549] as aff. temminckii, Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:378 [ref. 27061], Mundy 2005:155 [ref. 28379] as cf. temminckii, Ferraris 2007:224 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:161, 191 [ref. 35004], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], de Souza et al. 2019:63 [ref. 36504], Borstein et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39507] as temminckii and cf. temminckii). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus temminckii (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Northern South America: Saramacca, Suriname, Commewijne and Maroni River basins, Suriname and French Guiana; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

tolima, Ancistrus Taphorn [D. C.], Armbruster [J. W.], Villa-Navarro [F. A.] & Ray [C. K.] 2013:360, Figs. 10-11 [Zootaxa 3641 (no. 4); ref. 32678] Quebrada El Pascado, 3.599306°N, -74.854556°W, vereda San Pablo, municipio de Dolores, departamento de Tolima, Colombia. Holotype: CZUT-IC 4040 [ex CZUT-IC 2083]. Paratypes: AM 54491 (1) [ex CZUT-IC 2083], CZUT-IC 2083 (1). •Valid as Ancistrus tolima Taphorn, Armbruster, Villa-Navarro & Ray 2013 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus tolima Taphorn, Armbruster, Villa-Navarro & Ray 2013. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

tombador, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Cardoso [A. R.], da Silva [J. F. P.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2005:560, Fig. 1 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 112 (no. 2); ref. 28242] On road MT-338, about 26 kilometers from Porto dos Gaúchos, 11°39'27"S, 57°12'07"W, tributary of rio Arinos, upper rio Tapajos basin, Porto dos Gaúchos, igarapé Ribeirão Preto, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 33000. Paratypes: MCP 33001 (11, 1 c&s), 33002 (2); 33004 (1); MHNG 2647.55 (5) Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus tombador Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005 -- (Fisch-Muller et al. 2005:531 [ref. 28561], Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155], de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], de Oliveira et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34368], Neuhaus et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39129]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus tombador Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

trinitatis, Chaetostomus Günther [A.] 1864:246 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Maracas River, Trinidad Island, West Indies. Neotype: ANSP 71723. Type information: Isbrücker 1980:47 [ref. 2303]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. Based on Ancistrus guacharote of Gill 1858:409 (not of Valenciennes). Neotype designated by Souza et al. 2019:48 [ref. 36504]. •Valid as Lasiancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864) -- (Isbrücker 1980:46-47 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:434 [ref. 12860], Knaack 2000:58 [ref. 27233] as trinitatus). •Valid as Guyanancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864) -- (Isbrücker et al. 2001:19 [ref. 25649], Isbrücker 2001:26, 27 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:385 [ref. 27061]). •Incertae sedis as Chaetostoma trinitatis Günther 1864 but mispelled as Chaetostomus trititatus. •Probably a species of Ancistrus [trinitatis (Günther 1864)] -- (Armbruster 2004:13 [ref. 27844]). •Probably a species of Ancistrus [maracasae Fowler 1946] -- (Lujan et al. 2015:673 [ref. 33975]). •Valid as Pseudancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864) -- (DoNascimiento 2016:533 [ref. 34727]). •Valid as Ancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864) -- (Souza et al. 2019:48 [ref. 36504]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus trinitatis (Günther 1864). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Northwest corner of Trinidad Island. Habitat: freshwater.

triradiatus, Ancistrus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:680 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56 (no. 7); ref. 12304] Quebrada Cramalote [Gramalote], Barrigona Villavicencio, upper Rio Meta drainage, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 60164 [ex IU 13935a]. Paratypes: CAS 60165 [ex IU 13935b-e] (4), ?FMNH 58558 (2). Additional original material: (6) CAS 60166 [ex IU 13937] (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann 1918 -- (Isbrücker 1980:74 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Galvis et al. 1997:81 [ref. 23651], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Geerinckx et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29179] as cf. triradiatus, Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2016:532 [ref. 34727], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:75 [ref. 35773], de Souza et al. 2019:51 [ref. 36504], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann 1918. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River and Lake Valencia basins (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

variolus, Chaetostomus Cope [E. D.] 1872:288 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 21284-85 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:125 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. •Valid as Ancistrus variolus (Cope 1872) -- (Isbrücker 1980:74 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:437 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:25, 26 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178], Fisch-Muller in Reis et al. 2003:379 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus variolus (Cope 1872). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

verecundus, Ancistrus Fisch-Muller [S.], Cardoso [A. R.], da Silva [J. F. P.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2005:527, Fig. 2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28561] Vilhena, igarapé Piracolina, about 6 kilometers west of Vilhena, on road Br-364, upper rio Madeira basin, 12°43'33"S, 60°11'34"W, Rondônia, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 35572. Paratypes: MCP 35573 (10), MHNG 2664.033 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ancistrus verecundus Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:225 [ref. 29155] de Oliveira et al. 2015:81 [ref. 33869], de Oliveira et al. 2016:76 [ref. 34368]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus verecundus Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco 2005. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Madeira River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

vericaucanus, Ancistrus Taphorn [D. C.], Armbruster [J. W.], Villa-Navarro [F. A.] & Ray [C. K.] 2013:364, Fig. 12 [Zootaxa 3641 (no. 4); ref. 32678] Cauca River drainage, Finca Santa Barbara, río La Vieja, Departmento Valle del Cauca, Colombia, elevation 1278 meters, Holotype: MPUJ 6020. Paratypes: IUQ 2814 (1), 3135 (1); MPUJ 3023 (6) •Valid as Ancistrus vericaucanus Taphorn, Armbruster, Villa-Navarro & Ray 2013 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Ancistrus vericaucanus Taphorn, Armbruster, Villa-Navarro & Ray 2013. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Cauca River, tributary to Magdalena River, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

yanesha, Ancistrus Neuhaus [E. B.], Meza-Vargas [V.], Herrera [J. R.] & Lujan [N. K.] 2023:2, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology Early view; ref. 40715] Caño Pichanas, tributary of Palcazú River, Pachitea and Ucayali River drainages, Amazon River basin, town of San Pedro de Pichanas, Villa Rica district, Oxapampa Province, Peru, 10°29'12.84"S, 75°2'5.34" W. Holotype: MUSM 30360. Paratypes: (22) ANSP, LACM, MUSM, ROM. •Valid as Ancistrus yanesha Neuhaus, Meza-Vargas, Herrera & Lujan 2023. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus yanesha Neuhaus, Meza-Vargas, Herrera & Lujan 2023. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Palcazú River drainage, Pachitea River basin, Ucayali River system, Pasco Department, Oxapampa Province, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

yutajae, Ancistrus de Souza [L. S.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2019:58, Fig. 28 [Zootaxa 4552; ref. 36504] Yutajé River at the end of the airstrip at Campamento Yutajé, Orinoco/Ventuari/Yutajé River, Amazonas, Venezuela, 6.146078°, -61.492243°. Holotype: MCNG 7854. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, MCNG. •Valid as Ancistrus yutajae de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Current status: Valid as Ancistrus yutajae de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster 2019. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Yutajé River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.