afuerae, Pteroplatea Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:71, Fig. 16 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru. Holotype (unique): USNM 77709. •Synonym of Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864) -- (Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:62 [ref. 24555]). •Synonym of Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters 1869) -- (Last & Yearsley 2016:5 [ref. 34940], Weigmann 2016:142 [ref. 34211] see remarks). •Valid as Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand 1946) -- (Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:762 [ref. 31278], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand 1946). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern Mexico south to Peru. IUCN (2019): Near Threatened (part of G. crebripunctata). Habitat: marine.